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  1. In 2025, the world is gripped by a constellation of urgent concerns that reflect both technological acceleration and deepening geopolitical instability. State-based armed conflicts—from Eastern Europe to the Middle East—continue to threaten global peace, while economic pressures like inflation, rising living costs, and persistent poverty strain households and governments alike. Climate change looms large, with intensifying weather events and ecological disruption compounding humanitarian crises. Meanwhile, the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence raises alarms over ethical governance, job displacement, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities, as digital infrastructure becomes a new battleground. Adding to the strain is soaring global debt, which limits nations’ ability to respond to these challenges effectively. These issues are deeply interconnected, creating feedback loops where conflict fuels poverty, poverty worsens climate resilience, and technological mismanagement amplifies systemic risks.
  2. In 2025, social and political issues often intersect to shape societal dynamics and contribute to systemic inequalities. Key concerns include unequal access to education, low literacy and numeracy rates, and school-related challenges such as truancy, violence, and bullying. Corruption undermines governance and public trust, while immigration and refugee rights remain contentious amid rising nationalism. Religious intolerance and extremism threaten social cohesion, and discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, or ethnicity continues to marginalize vulnerable groups. The role of women in society, aging populations, and gender-related challenges highlight ongoing struggles for equity and representation. Additionally, mental health stigma and limited access to care, along with political disenfranchisement, further deepen social divides and hinder inclusive progress.
  3. At the 2025 UN General Assembly, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy held a significant meeting focused on the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. Lula reiterated his commitment to diplomacy, advocating for peaceful resolution rather than military escalation. Zelenskiy, while acknowledging Brazil’s willingness to support peace efforts, urged the international community to apply greater pressure on Russia to end its aggression. The dialogue underscored the global stakes of the war and the importance of multilateral engagement in pursuing a sustainable path to peace.
  4. At the 2025 UN General Assembly, Chinese President Xi Jinping unveiled ambitious new climate targets aimed at reinforcing China’s role as a global environmental leader. The plan includes cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 7–10% by 2035 and increasing the share of non-fossil energy to over 30% of total consumption. China also intends to expand its wind and solar energy capacity sixfold and accelerate the adoption of pollution-free vehicles, signaling a major shift toward clean technology. These commitments come amid the United States’ continued absence from the Paris Agreement, positioning China to fill a leadership vacuum in global climate diplomacy.
  5. China’s new climate targets—cutting emissions by 7–10% by 2035 and expanding non-fossil energy to over 30%—are more than environmental goals; they signal a geopolitical shift as China positions itself as the global leader in climate diplomacy, especially following the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. This rivalry unfolds across multiple fronts: China dominates in solar panel production, electric vehicles, and battery storage, while the U.S. focuses on clean hydrogen, carbon capture, and nuclear innovation. Diplomatically, China leverages its climate commitments to gain influence through initiatives like the Belt and Road, whereas the U.S. promotes climate finance and multilateral partnerships. Xi Jinping’s pledges at the UN contrast with American regulatory rollbacks, allowing China to present itself as a responsible steward of the planet—even as it remains the largest emitter. Ultimately, this competition is about shaping the rules and values of the 21st-century global economy.
  6. Swedish and Polish forces are currently engaged in joint military exercises on Gotland Island, a strategically vital outpost in the Baltic Sea. Dubbed Operation Gotland Sentry, the drills are designed to deter potential Russian aggression and bolster NATO’s rapid deployment capabilities in the region. Gotland’s location makes it a key asset for controlling maritime routes and supporting Baltic allies, especially as tensions rise across Eastern Europe. The operation underscores growing regional defense cooperation and the importance of readiness in maintaining stability along NATO’s eastern flank.
  7. Gotland Island, strategically located in the Baltic Sea, has become a critical component of NATO’s defense posture, especially following Sweden’s accession to the alliance. The joint Swedish-Polish military exercises, Operation Gotland Sentry, underscore its importance as a forward operating base for rapid deployment, air defense, and naval coordination. Positioned near vital maritime routes and within reach of Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave, Gotland offers a geographic advantage for controlling Baltic logistics and surveillance. These drills serve as a clear deterrence signal to Moscow and provide reassurance to vulnerable Baltic states like Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, which face ongoing pressure from Russian hybrid tactics. No longer a quiet Nordic outpost, Gotland now stands as a frontline bulwark in Europe’s evolving security architecture.
  8. The world today faces a range of urgent and complex challenges, including climate change, wars and military conflicts, water contamination, human rights violations, global health crises, widespread poverty, and children’s limited access to healthcare, education, and safety. Climate change drives extreme weather and ecological instability, while armed conflicts displace millions and destabilize regions. Water pollution threatens billions without clean drinking sources, and human rights abuses persist across authoritarian regimes and marginalized communities. Global health issues—from pandemics to unequal care—strain systems, and poverty continues to trap generations in hardship, especially in developing nations. Children remain among the most vulnerable, often lacking basic services and protection. Addressing these problems requires coordinated global action, investment in sustainable development, stronger legal frameworks, and inclusive policies that prioritize equity, resilience, and long-term well-being.
  9. Global catastrophic risks represent some of the most complex and potentially devastating challenges facing humanity, including biodiversity loss, climate change, destructive artificial intelligence, environmental disasters, nuclear holocaust, pandemics, biotechnology risks, and molecular nanotechnology. These threats are deeply interconnected and difficult to manage, often requiring global cooperation, advanced scientific understanding, and ethical foresight. Biodiversity loss and environmental degradation threaten ecosystems and food security, while climate change accelerates instability through extreme weather and rising seas. Emerging technologies like AI, biotech, and nanotech pose dual-use dangers, where innovation can lead to unintended or weaponized consequences. Meanwhile, nuclear conflict and pandemics—natural or engineered—could cause widespread mortality and societal collapse, making these risks urgent priorities for international governance and resilience planning.
  10. Social injustices around the world are fueled by a range of deeply rooted social issues, including food insecurity, lack of access to clean water and sanitation, the digital divide, immigration and refugee rights, LGBTQ+ discrimination, child labor, mental health stigma, and political disenfranchisement. Millions suffer from hunger and unsafe water due to poverty and environmental degradation, while unequal access to technology widens educational and economic gaps. Migrants and refugees face systemic exclusion, and LGBTQ+ communities endure legal and social discrimination. Children are exploited through labor and trafficking, often without protection, and mental health remains stigmatized with limited care options. Political disenfranchisement silences marginalized voices, undermining democratic participation and reinforcing inequality. Addressing these issues requires inclusive policies, global cooperation, and sustained advocacy to build a more just and equitable world.
  11. Climate change stands out as the most urgent global issue today due to its sweeping and compounding effects on ecosystems, economies, and human health. It drives extreme weather events, disrupts food and water supplies, accelerates biodiversity loss, and intensifies geopolitical instability through climate-induced migration and resource scarcity. Rising sea levels threaten coastal cities, while shifting weather patterns jeopardize agriculture and increase the frequency of droughts, wildfires, and floods. Unlike many other global problems, climate change affects every region and requires coordinated international action—transitioning to clean energy, enforcing emissions reductions, and investing in climate adaptation—to prevent irreversible damage and safeguard future generations.
  12. There has been a notable surge in Americans seeking citizenship in other countries, particularly in Europe. Americans seeking citizenship abroad are primarily applying to countries with favorable immigration policies, strong economies, and high quality of life such as United Kingdom, Canada, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and Germany. Quality of life varies across these countries based on factors like healthcare, safety, cost of living, and overall well-being. The trend appears to be driven by concerns over political instability, financial security, and personal safety. Since January 2025, applications for citizenship of these countries have spiked. For example, nearly 2,000 Americans applying for British citizenship in the first three months of 2025, marking a 12% increase from the previous quarter; Ireland has also experienced a sharp increase in applications, with some consultants filing 20 to 25 applications per week, compared to about 10 weekly in 2024.
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    • United Kingdom - Ranks slightly lower in overall quality of life compared to the US, but it offers free healthcare and better work-life balance and stronger social safety nets.
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    • Canada – Known for its welcoming immigration policies and proximity to the U.S.; high standard of living, excellent healthcare, and strong social services.
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    • Portugal – Offers a Golden Visa program and an easy path to citizenship; affordable cost of living, great climate, and a relaxed lifestyle.
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    • Spain – Attractive for retirees and those seeking European residency; strong healthcare system, vibrant culture, and good work-life balance.
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    • Italy – Popular for Americans with Italian ancestry, though new laws have tightened eligibility; rich history, excellent food, but bureaucracy can be challenging.
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    • Australia – A strong economy and high standard of living make it a top choice; high wages, great healthcare, and stable politics.
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    • New Zealand – Valued for its safety, natural beauty, relaxed and peaceful lifestyle.
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    • Ireland – Many Americans qualify through ancestry, making it a popular option; strong economy, good healthcare, but high cost of living.
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    • Germany – A strong economy and work opportunities attract many applicants; excellent infrastructure, stable politics, and great work opportunities.
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  13. Global perceptions of the U.S. have declined significantly since 2025. According to the 2025 Democracy Perception Index, the U.S. now has a net negative perception in 82% of surveyed countries, a sharp drop from previous years. The U.S. reputation has suffered particularly in European Union countries, the American tariff policies have strained relations with many countries, such as European Union, Australia, Japan, Canada, and Mexico, leading to concerns about the reliability of U.S. trade and defense commitments.
  14. In Afghanistan women and girls are being deprived of their dignity, rights and status at home and in the society. The Taliban has enforced punitive laws restricting women's lives, and the government has been institutionalizing large-scale and systematic gender-based discrimination and violence against women and girls and limiting their education and rights. Women have no rights to movement, no rights to education, and no rights to work. Women must cover their faces in public, and they are not allowed to go to parks and gyms; the government issued orders for girls aged 12-18 to stay home, and prohibited them to go to high school.
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  15. In today's Hong Kong, people can be arrested for publishing children's books. The Hong Kong government has found five people guilty of publishing children's books telling about a village of sheep trying to fight back against a group of wolves who are trying to take over their settlement. These cartoon e-books have been interpreted by authorities as having an overtly political message. The Hong Kong government has been worried that the books' young readers would be led to believe that Chinese authorities were coming to Hong Kong with the "wicked intentions" of ruining the lives of the city's inhabitants. Hong Kong police and prosecutors regularly use the national security law to clamp down on political speech and views.
  16. In Hong Kong people can be caught for carrying zip tie (also known as a hose tie, cable tie, or tie wrap), which a type of short plastic fastener for holding items together, primarily electrical cables and wires. They can be punishable by up to 2 years in jail under the Summary Offences Ordinance, and the new charge carries a maximum jail sentence of 10 years under the Crimes Ordinance of "National Security Law". This strange law can be interpreted so broadly that people can be arrested and kept in jail for carrying a pen to "forge signatures".
  17. The Saudi government has been accused of and denounced by various international organizations and governments for violating human rights within the country. For example, Ali al-Nimr was arrested at the age of 17 for his participation in the 2011 Arab Spring protests, and was sentenced to death by beheading at the age of 18. Saudi Arabia sentenced the Saudi scholar Hassan al-Maliki to death; Al-Maliki has been behind bars since 2017 on multiple "charges", including “conducting interviews with western news outlets” and “owning books” that are unauthorized by the Saudi government. Working conditions for the large expatriate labor force are often exploitative; racism in Saudi Arabia extends to allegations of imprisonment, physical abuse, rape, overwork and wage theft, especially of foreign workers who are given little protections under the law. Saudi women face discrimination in many aspects of their lives; for example, they cannot file police reports without the permission of a male guardian, and may end up being imprisoned by the government for complaining. Men are free to abuse women in Saudi Arabia, with reports of women being locked in their rooms for months or threatened with starvation or shooting for offenses such as getting the wrong kind of haircut or being in a relationship with a man the family has not approved. Although women make up 70% of those enrolled in universities, they only make up 5% of the workforce in Saudi Arabia, the lowest proportion in the world.
  18. Saudi Arabia has been called an epicenter of sex segregation, stemming partially from its conservative Sunni Islamic practices and partially from its monarchy's legal constraints. Women experience widespread discrimination in Saudi politics, economy and society. For example, in Saudi Arabia, the law allows a man to control a Saudi woman's life from her birth until her death; if a woman is seen socializing with a man who is not a relative, the government will charge her with committing adultery, fornication, or prostitution; the government does not allow women to have the right to unilaterally end a marriage, only men have the unconditional right to initiate a divorce.
  19. Saudi Arabia (the largest economy in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world) restricts almost all political rights and civil liberties. The king combines legislative, executive, and judicial function, and also serves as the prime minister, and presides over the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia and Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia. The royal family dominates the political system. No officials at the national level are elected. Women and religious minorities are mostly excluded from leadership positions in the government, and face extensive discrimination. Saudi Arabia has judicial corporal punishment systems that include amputations of hands and feet for robbery, and flogging for lesser crimes such as "sexual deviance" and drunkenness. It was reported that women were sentenced to lashes for adultery even they were actually victims of rape. Companies operating or planning to invest in Saudi Arabia face a moderate to high risk of corruption. In 2018, the government charged 126 local government employees across the country with corruption, abuse of power and other crimes as part of a controversial anti-corruption campaign that started in 2017, and it has ended this sweeping crackdown on corruption recovered more than $106bn through settlements with scores of senior princes, ministers and top businessmen.
  20. In addition to expressing growing concern over the Chinese government’s human rights violations in China and its repression in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Hong Kong, many countries around the world have criticized China for its partnership with Russia. China, Russia's most valuable ally, has repeatedly criticized Western sanctions against Russia, refused to follow other nations in leveling stiff economic sanctions against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine, rejected to condemn the Russian invasion, routinely amplifies Russian disinformation about the Ukraine-Russia's conflict, and does not refer to it as an invasion or a war in keeping with Russian practice.
  21. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single person or party possesses absolute power, the ruler has used various violent rules and policies to complete control the country, and suppress the rights of the people. These include suspension of elections and civil liberties; proclamation of a state of emergency; rule by decree; repression of political opponents; not abiding by the rule of law procedures, and cult of personality. A wide variety of these rulers have come to power in different kinds of regimes, such as military juntas (e.g.; Thailand, Myanmar), one-party states (e.g.; China, North Korea), dominant-party states, and civilian governments under a personal rule. Known as a dictator, a ruler often has a team of to make up the government of the dictatorship, and these officials have implemented the policies. Over time, dictators have been known to use tactics that violate human rights. For example, under the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, government policy was enforced by extrajudicial killings, secret police and the notorious Gulag system of concentration camps; all caused at least 1,054,000 deaths. Pol Pot became dictator of Cambodia in 1975; during his four-year dictatorship, an estimated 1.7 million people (out of a population of 7 million) died due to his policies. As of today, there are 50 dictators in the world, including 1 in Europe, 3 in Americas, 7 in Eurasia, 8 in Asia-Pacific, 12 in the Middle East and North Africa, and 19 in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  22. The Myanmar (Burma) military staged a coup on February 1, 2021, nullifying the results of the November 2020 elections and arbitrarily detaining hundreds of politicians, activists, and civil servants. Myanmar has been in chaos since the Army seized power and detained elected government leader Aung San Suu Kyi and much of her party leadership after the coup alleging fraud in the election her party won in a landslide. Hundreds of thousands of people in Myanmar have marched against the military junta to protest the coup. The military coup forces have confronted peaceful demonstrations, arrested thousands of people, and used lethal weapons to shoot demonstrators. They have fired on protesters around the country, including Lashio in the northeast, Myeik in the deep south and Hpa-An in the east; as of March 20, 2021 Myanmar’s security forces have killed at least 235 people, wounded hundreds of others, and arrested  more than 2,330 people, in violent crackdowns against opposition to the coup.
  23. On 1/19/2021 the US has officially determined that China is committing genocide and crimes against Uyghur people and religious minority groups. In China, since early 2017 the government has imprisoned more than 1 million people in the western Xinjiang region, including Uighurs and other mostly Muslim ethnic groups, in a vast network of concentration camps. China authorities have discriminated against these people by restricting their freedom to travel, emigrating, and attending schools, and denying other basic human rights of assembly, speech, and worship, and forcing men, women and children into at least 380 concentration camps, where they have been subjected to torture, sterilization and political indoctrination in addition to forced labor as part of an assimilation campaign in a region whose inhabitants are ethnically and culturally distinct from the Han Chinese majority. While China has encouraged Han majority in Xinjiang to have more children, the government has slashed birth rates among Uighurs and other minorities by forcing intrauterine devices, sterilization and even abortion on hundreds of thousands as part of a sweeping campaign to curb the Uighurs population; having more than children is a major reason Uighurs and minor people are sent to prison camps in Xinjiang. China's actions and policies developed to discriminate against Muslim Uighurs and ethnic minorities constitute “crimes against humanity” and a “genocide.”
  24. More than 1 million people - mostly from the Muslim Uighur community in China - are though to have been detailed without trial. These people literally do not know how long they are kept in the prison. A leak document reveals how every aspect of a detainee's life is monitored and controlled: "The students should have a fixed bed position, fixed queue position, fixed classroom seat, and fixed station during skills work, and it is strictly forbidden for this to be changed". The Chinese government has consistently claimed the camps in the far western Xinjiang region offer voluntary education and training. But official documents show how inmates are locked up, and indoctrinated and punished. "It's a total transformation that is designed specifically to wipe the Muslim Uighurs of Xinjiang as a separate cultural group off the face of the Earth." China has sought for years to assimilate the Muslim Uighur population into the majority Han Chinese, partially by flooding Xinjiang province with migrants from elsewhere. But the effort to crush the population has recently picked up speed. This is an actionable piece of evidence, documenting a gross human rights violation.
  25. The Chinese government has described its efforts in Xinjiang as a benevolent campaign to curb extremism by training people to find better jobs. But the documents reveal the party’s efforts to organize a ruthless campaign of mass detention in the name of curbing terrorism, a program whose consequences they discussed with cool detachment. When children asked the Chinese government about the disappearance of their parents and families detained in camps built to hold Muslim minorities "Since it’s just training, why can’t they come home?", they were told ". It seems that you’re still misunderstanding how concentrated education is run. Usually, you would return home for winter or summer vacation without any problem. But if you were careless and caught an infectious virus like SARS, you’d have to undergo enclosed, isolated treatment, because it’s an infectious illness. If you weren’t thoroughly cured, as soon as you returned home you would infect your family with this virus, and your whole family would fall ill."
  26. Xinjiang is officially designated an autonomous region within China, like Tibet to its south. Uighurs, who are ethnically Turkic Muslims, make up about 45% of the Xinjiang region's population; 40% are Han Chinese. Uyghurs in Xinjiang suffer under a "fully-fledged police state" with extensive controls and restrictions upon their religious, cultural and social life because the Chinese government tightly controls religious expression and freedom in Xinjiang by imposing rules on the Uighur community. More than 1 million Uighurs are being tortured and “politically brainwashed” in camps and prisons in China while China insisted that the camps are voluntary education centers that help purge “ideological diseases". Despite growing evidence of forced labor and torture in custody, indoctrination and other abuses in Xinjiang, Muslim countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan have remained relatively silent on the issue while the governments of Malaysia, Indonesia and Turkey have voiced concerns about the Uighurs.
  27. The third person most associated with mass deaths in the bloodiest of human centuries after Germany's Adolf Hitler and Soviet's Joseph Stalin is China's Mao Zedong. During the period of 1949 and ended with his death in 1976, Mao Zedong was in some way responsible for 80 million deaths or more, including 1.2 million Tibetan people. In comparison, Hitler is blamed for 12 million concentration camp deaths and at least 30 million other deaths associated with World War II, while Stalin is believed responsible for between 30 million and 40 million "unnatural deaths".
  28. As a result of an investigation, on July 21, 2020 the US ordered to close the Chinese Houston (TX) Consulate, which was part of a large Chinese espionage effort using diplomatic facilities around the US. The consulate was a nest of Chinese spies who tried to steal research data, science and technology from facilities in Texas, including the Texas A&M medical system and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre in Houston. The consulate, which was directed to close in order to protect American intellectual property and Americans' private information, was the first (consulate) established in 1979 after the US and China established diplomatic relations. Relations between the US and China have plummeted, amid an ongoing trade war, the coronavirus pandemic, and US criticism of China's human rights abuses in Hong Kong and Xinjiang.
  29. In the US, China has engaged for years in massive illegal spying and influence operations and that those activities have increased markedly in scale and scope over the past few years. China spends a widespread effort to steal U.S. military technology and classified information and the trade secrets of U.S. companies. US prosecutors charged two Chinese hackers working for the China government, both nationals and residents of the People’s Republic of China (China), with stealing coronavirus treatment and vaccine research in the US. They are hacking into the computer systems of hundreds of victim companies, governments, non-governmental organizations, and individual dissidents, clergy, and democratic and human rights activists in the US and abroad, including Hong Kong and China. They began as early as 2009 and are still going on, stole intellectual property and trade secrets worth hundreds of millions of dollars.
  30. China has a long history of propaganda and efforts to cajole the world into following its own narrative on geopolitical and conflict issues like Tibet, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South China Sea. Its newest propaganda is COVID-19, a new SARS coronavirus disease, first reported in Hubei, a city in central China of 11 million, in late December 2019, by suppressing information about the coronavirus’ origin, downplaying by a factor of 15 to 40 times of the number of cases of coronavirus and its seriousness to the rest of the world, and maintaining through mid-January 2020 that this coronavirus wasn't even contagious. China has been lying since early December 2019 about the nature of the new coronavirus by firmly telling the world that it couldn’t be transmitted between humans, and continually reported wrongly low number of coronavirus cases and deaths in the country. Its propaganda resulted in causing or contributing over 1,192,025 coronavirus cases and 64,085+ deaths worldwide (as of April 4, 2020). Taking advantage of the COVID-19 outbreak, the country has increased exerting military pressure on Taiwan, coercing and bullying its neighbors, and seriously violating sovereignty in the South China Sea.
  31. China's underreporting of its pandemic totals was unsurprising, and official statistics from the country are often lies. Unlike South Korea, China did not test vast amounts of people so those who may have died and not tested for COVID-19 were unlikely to be counted in the official tally. For the Hubei province, including Wuhan, on January 25, 2020 the official figure was only nearly 6,000 confirmed coronavirus cases and just over 200 deaths. However, the University of Hong Kong reported in The Lancet, they estimated that 75,815 individuals have been infected in Wuhan as of that day. As of March 31, 2020 China’s government has reported only 3,000 deaths in the Hubei province, where Wuhan is located — a number that Wuhan’s residents have rejected as a full order of magnitude too small. Unlike China, in Indonesia, President Joko Widodo admitted in March 2020, the government had filtered information about the spread of the virus saying "we don't want to make the public panic, we don't want to cause unrest in the society". A study by the London-based Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases released in late March estimates that as few as 2% of Indonesia's coronavirus infections have been reported. That would bring the true number to more than 89,000 but a serious lack of testing, as with many other nations, means we will never be sure.
  32. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the US was determined to retaliate. On March 10, 1945 over 100,000 Japanese people were killed and another million injured, most of them civilians, when more than 300 American B-29 bombers dropped 1,500 tons of firebombs on the Japanese capital, Tokyo, that night. The human toll that night exceeded that of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki later that year, where the initial blasts killed about 70,000 people and 46,000 people respectively. The US B29 bombers were the culmination of 20 years of aviation advances leading up to World War II and were the first to have pressurized, heated fuselages, enabling them to operate above 18,000 feet without crews having to don special gear or use oxygen masks. Several weeks before attacking Tokyo, Allied bombing raids on February 13–15, 1945, that almost completely destroyed the German city of Dresden. On the night of February 13, the British Bomber Command hit Dresden with an 800-bomber air raid, dropping some 2,700 tons of bombs, including large numbers of incendiaries. Aided by weather conditions, a firestorm developed, incinerating tens of thousands of people. The U.S. Eighth Air Force followed the next day with another 400 tons of bombs and carried out yet another raid by 210 bombers on February 15. It is thought that some 25,000–35,000 civilians died in Dresden in the air attacks, though some estimates are as high as 250,000, given the influx of undocumented refugees that had fled to Dresden from the Eastern Front. Most of the victims were women, children, and the elderly.
  33. The Mekong River and its tributaries snake across six countries, from China down into mainland Southeast Asia. Known as the “mother of waters” in Laos and Thailand, the Mekong flows from the Chinese-controlled Tibetan Plateau to the South China Sea, through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. China is building around 370 dams along the Mekong’s 2,700-mile course from China through the heart of Southeast Asia for its ambitious hydropower plants capturing the energy of falling water to generate electricity and energy reserves and renewable energy sources for China. These dams across the Mekong basin are part of what China calls its Belt and Road Initiative, a vast network of projects that seeks to cement Beijing’s influence across Asia and beyond. Each development — dams, ports and railways, among others — gives China another long-term foothold in a nation’s economy and trade. Environmental groups warn that by turning a free-flowing river into a series of reservoirs the upstream Lao and Cambodia dams controlled by China and Chinese hydropower dams could wipe out the Mekong’s two largest freshwater species: the giant catfish and the giant pangasius. Farmers in the river basin, Asia’s rice bowl, produce enough rice to feed 300 million people per year. The basin also boasts the world’s largest inland fishery, accounting for an estimated 25 percent of the global freshwater catch. China’s maintenance work on its Jinghong Dam resulted in the release of torrents of water. The resulting floods in Thailand and Laos destroyed crops and disrupted fish, damaging local people’s livelihoods. With water flows shifting as new dams start their turbines, fishers, farmers and local ecosystems are suffering. Experts worry that the river’s last days “as a healthy ecosystem” are gone, an entirely manmade crisis caused by excessively Chinese-built cascading dams. The Mekong River and its biodiversity-rich tributaries — the lifeline for more than 60 million people in Southeast Asia — dropped to their lowest levels, a section of the river has changed from muddy brown to sky blue, fish supplies are scarce, rice cannot be planted on dried-up banks starved of nutrients. Entire ecosystems are being collapsing because of China's ill-planned water management schemes and hydropower dams in the river basin.
  34. ToTok is most popular in the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), but also serves millions of users in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North America. The company that created ToTok, Breej Holding, is believed to be a front group for an Abu Dhabi-based hacking firm called DarkMatter. But the service, ToTok, is actually a spying tool. It is used by the government of the U.A.E. to try to track every conversation, movement, relationship, appointment, sound and image of those who install it on their phones. Google removed it from its store on 12/19/2019, and Apple followed suit on 12/20/2019.
  35. Hong Kong authorities have rapidly begun to apply the new National Security Law to prosecute peaceful speech, curtail academic freedom, and generate a chilling effect on fundamental freedoms in the city. The law, which China’s government imposed on June 30, 2020, include creating specialized secret security agencies, denying fair trial rights, providing sweeping new powers to the police, increasing restraints on civil society and the media, and weakening judicial oversight. It's Beijing’s most aggressive assault on Hong Kong people’s freedoms since Britain handed over its former colony, Hong Kong, in 1997. China pledged to preserve the “one country, two systems” framework through 2047; however, China has seen Hong Kong as part of its territory and applied vague laws against Hong Kong people. These include the use of intimidation, covert surveillance, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention, and torture and deaths in custody of activists, rights lawyers, and journalists. Hong Kong people face the prospect of lengthy prison terms for possessing banners or chanting slogans that the authorities dislike. As a result, the United States and many countries no longer treat Hong Kong and China separately on several major issues, including trade and extradition. Hong Kong became just like another Chinese city.
  36. Until 1997, Hong Kong was ruled by Britain as a colony but then returned to China under the "one country, two systems" arrangement. Unlike other cities in China, which are tightly governed by the authoritarian central government, Hong Kong is a semi-autonomous city with its own legal and political systems, and its people have more rights. However, the Chinese government actively interfered in Hong Kong's affairs and created bills to control and take away Hong Kong people's rights. As of today, almost no Hong Kong youth identified themselves as Chinese. Since the summer of 2019, Hong Kong protesters (driven by a sense of desperation rather than hope) began fighting these bills to protect Hong Kong’s autonomy from China. Protesters feared the bills would allow China to encroach on these rare freedoms. As the protests have continued, they are posing a challenge to the city's government and Beijing. The "special" relationship of Hong Kong's leadership with mainland China is a key element in untangling this mess. In Hong Kong, China demands to implement a law that would criminalize secession, subversion of state power, terrorist activities and colluding with foreign forces to endanger national security. Critics say Hong Kong’s legal statutes already account for such matters and that Beijing is determined to use the law to pursue political opponents. China has long demanded such a law for Hong Kong, but efforts were shelved in the face of massive protests in 2003.
  37. In order to take a firm rhetorical stance, saying the protests "showed signs of terrorism", China and Hong Hong government are using threats and pressure to get business to back its increasingly hard-line stance toward Hong Kong, leading companies to warn and intimidate workers who speak out in protest. For example, HSBC, the London bank, was threatened because it has slowly backed Beijing’s push to enact a new national security law covering the territory, and two Chinese banks, Chiyu Banking and Wing Lung Bank, had pressured their employees to sign a petition supporting the law, by forcing them to sign a petition and taking screenshot of their signature and share it publicly. China and Hong Kong government have pressured various companies, including railway operator MTR Corporation, airline Cathay Pacific, and the Big Four accounting firms (KPMG, Ernst & Young (EY), Deloitte and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) - in Hong Kong) to take a hard-line approach against employees who took part in the protests. Cathay Pacific witnessed a huge managerial reshuffling and fired pro-democratic employees after the Civil Aviation Administration of China threatened to block Cathay's access to Chinese airspace while the MTR has closed stations and has ended its service early after being criticized for transporting protesters. The world's "Big 4" accounting firms have confirmed they stand with China by distancing themselves from a newspaper advertisement in which their employees expressed support for Hong Kong protesters. Chinese state media outlets largely ignored the Hong Kong protests, which were also mostly censored from Mainland Chinese social media.
  38. As China tightens its grip on Hong Kong over which British rule ended 20 years ago, pro-democracy activists are still fighting against erosion of freedoms. Since May 2019, thousands of people in Hong Kong gathered and peacefully marched for pro-democracy protests, which had seen numerous clashes between protesters and police with police firing tear gas at demonstrators as the city's protests enter their 13th weekend to demand some basic freedom requests, such as the full withdrawal of the suspended extradition bill and implementation of open and free elections. The Hong Kong public’s response to police violence shows that people are willing to put their bodies on the line for freedom. More than one million people being drawn to the streets twice in a week in June, only to have many of their demands ignored, is a sign of a serious democratic deficit. On September 2, tens of thousands students boycotted the first day of classes as part of a citywide strike.
  39. The Chinese Communist Party has in effect controlled the Hong Kong government, and infringed on freedom of speech and movement. For example, after Hong Kong Professional Teachers Union organized for its members and students to join the general strike on August 5, 2019 the Government's Regional Education Offices asked all schools for names of the teachers and pupils who participated in the strike, hinting at possible future retribution. The Government installed lampposts used for carrying facial recognition function and infringing upon personal privacy of citizens, and protesters attempted to tear down or dismantle them. Hong Kong leader, Carrie Lam, was sorry for causing “unforgivable havoc” by igniting the political crisis engulfing the city and she would quit if she had a choice!.
  40. In 2019 million people in Hong Kong protested to demand a full withdrawal of the extradition bill, dismissal of charges against arrested protesters, a government retraction regarding the term "riot", an independent investigation into police brutality, and universal suffrage. Beijing imposed a sweeping national security law, under which the government has had all but wiped out formal opposition. Authorities have raided and closed down newsrooms, jailed activists and protesters, unseated elected lawmakers, heightened censorship both online and in printed publications, and changed school curricula. The city has been transformed beyond recognition since.
  41. Hong Kong’s human rights record took a dark turn. Civil liberties in Hong Kong are increasingly being undermined by the growing interference of the central government, 20 years after the city returned to Chinese sovereignty in 1997. In April 2018, Hong Kong police arrested 11 pro-democracy advocates on charges including “unlawful assembly” and “obstructing police.” The charges stem from the advocates’ protest against a decision by China’s top legislative body forcing Hong Kong courts to disqualify two pro-independence legislators. In July 2018 a Hong Kong court disqualified four more pro-democracy lawmakers for modifying their oaths swearing allegiance to China in a 2016 ceremony.
  42. Until 22 May 2014 the politics of Thailand were conducted within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the prime minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislative branches. Since the coup d'état of 22 May 2014, Thailand revoked its 2007 constitution. The 2007 Constitution was annulled by the 2014 coup-makers who run the country as a military dictatorship. The country has been under the rule of a military organization called National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), which has taken control of the national administration, and abolished the national assembly and assumed the responsibilities of the legislative branch. Military courts have been tasked to be responsible for most cases that are normally under the civilian courts. The NCPO has repeatedly postponed promised elections, fearing that the pro-Thaksin Pheu Thai Party would do well despite the junta’s election laws and rules that are expressly designed to disadvantage Pheu Thai.
  43. The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum and a constituent assembly was elected to draft a constitution, which was promulgated on 1 January 1948. Italy has had more than 50 governments and more than 20 Prime Ministers since 1945.
  44. Saudis close to Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, discussed killing other enemies a year before Khashoggi’s death, and used coercion and abuse to seize billions.
  45. The Turkish lira tumbled more than 16 percent on August 10, 2018 - a record low against the dollar - after the US announced the punitive doubling of steel and aluminum tariffs, to compel it to turn over a jailed American pastor in Turkey; the US is the biggest destination for Turkish steel exports with 11 percent of the Turkish export volume. Mr Erdogan, the Turkey president, who has consolidated unprecedented power through a series of referendums, framed Turkey's crisis as a “national battle” against economic enemies, including the US.
  46. The Cambodia government under the Prime Minister Hun Sen’s leadership arrested the leader of Cambodia’s political opposition on dubious charges of treason; dissolved the main opposition party and banned over 100 members from political activity; intensified the misuse of the justice system to prosecute political opposition and human rights activists; and forced several independent media outlets to close; he ordered internet service providers to block independent news websites, including Radio Free Asia, Voice of America and Voice of Democracy, in the days leading up to and during the election. Prime Minister Hun Sen, one of the world’s longest serving leaders – is seeking to prolong his 33-year grip on power in the national vote set for July 29, 2018 and has used the courts to cripple his opponents, warned that people who curses or insults him would eventually die without a plot of land to bury their bodies. After voting, Prime Minister Hun Sen said his party won every seat in Parliament. The Chinese Foreign Ministry, which sent observers to Cambodia even as Western monitors stayed away for fear of legitimizing the polls, deemed the elections a "success".
  47. A Laos hydroelectric dam that was under construction collapsed on July 23, 2018, sending flash floods through six villages, and killing many people and flooding villages in the southern province of Attapeu. Over 7,000 people were displaced and hundreds more were missing. Laos, a landlocked, communist state that is largely isolated from the rest of the world, is one of Asia’s poorest countries. China, Laos and Cambodia have begun massive hydroelectric development programs, with more than a dozen dams planned, under construction or completed on the main river and many more dams on tributaries. The dam that collapsed is part of the Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy hydroelectric power project, which involves Laotian, Thai and South Korean firms.
  48. Vietnam issued a contentious cybersecurity law, which requires global tech companies such as Google and Facebook to store user data in Vietnam, open offices in the country and remove offending contents within 24 hours at the request of the Ministry of Information and Communications and the specialized cybersecurity task-force under the Ministry of Public Security. Around 57% of Vietnam’s 93 million people have Facebook accounts and about 65 million people are online, the new policy has potentially devastating consequences for freedom of expression.
  49. An intricate network of companies controlled by the family of longtime Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen, the world’s sixth-longest-serving premier, has amassed a secret fortune with a value of at least $200 million and possibly between “$500 million and $4 billion”. Hun Sen's financial links into 114 domestic, private companies controlled or owned outright by members of Hun Sen’s family and their links to big international brands, such as Apple, Nokia, Visa, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Nestlé, Durex and Honda, and many others. Wealth is a sensitive issue for Hun Sen, who has said he makes a wage of just $1,150 a month after 30 years in the job. While Hun Sen’s wealth is vast, on a regional level his family effort pales when comparing with Malaysia’s Taib Mahmud, who is by far the richest; Taib ruled the East Malaysian state of Sarawak for 33 years and retired with a family fortune valued at more than $20 billion and held through a network of 400 companies. In 2015, Malaysia's Prime Minister, Najib Tun Razak, was accused of channelling over RM 2.67 billion (USD $681 million) from 1MDB, a government-run strategic development company, to his personal bank accounts; he declared that the "money was a personal donation from Saudi Arabia’s royal family". More than $1 billion entered Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak's personal bank accounts, much of it from state investment fund 1MDB.
  50. Effective October 8, 2017 the U.S. has suspended all non-immigrant visa services at all U.S. diplomatic facilities in Turkey following the arrest of a consulate employee, and Turkish markets slammed after the U.S. suspended visa.
  51. In July 2017 China quickly cremated its only Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Liu Xiaobo, the country's most famous political prisoner. Liu was a Chinese literary critic, writer, poet, anti-communist, human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who called for political reforms and was involved in campaigns to end Communist single-party rule. He championed non-violent resistance as a way of overcoming “forceful tyranny”, and had been serving an 11-year jail sentence for demanding an end to one-party rule when he was diagnosed with late-stage liver cancer in May 2017. On 8 December 2008, Liu was detained due to his participation with the Charter 08 manifesto, and was formally arrested on 23 June 2009 on suspicion of "inciting subversion of state power". Like Liu Xiaobo, many Chinese political activists have been detained, jailed or exiled for their pro-democracy or rights defending activities in China.
  52. Although the 1982 constitution guarantees freedom of speech, the Chinese government often uses the "subversion of state power" and "protection of state secrets" clauses in their law system to imprison those who criticize the government. The government controls the media and Internet censorship very tighhly. The government maintains censorship over all media capable of reaching a wide audience. This includes television, print media, radio, film, theater, text messaging, instant messaging, video games, literature, and the Internet. At least 40 Chinese journalists and 74 Netizens were reportedly imprisoned in China since 2014. China’s prisons held more than 100 journalists, citizen-journalists and bloggers, including a Nobel peace laureate and three winners of the Reporters Without Borders (RSF)-TV5 Monde Press Freedom Prize, as of June 2017.
  53. China wants its minorities, Tibetans and Uyghurs, to sing and dance on TV – but do little else, the government exoticises, and marginalises, its non-Han Chinese ethnic groups. Since February 2009, at least 122 Tibetans have set themselves on fire as a grimin protest China and most have died from their wounds.
  54. Little is publicly known of identity of the man who stood in front of a column of tanks on June 5, 1989, the morning after the Chinese military had suppressed the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 by force. The British tabloid Sunday Express named him as Wang Weilin (王维林), a 19-year-old student, who was later charged with "political hooliganism" and "attempting to subvert members of the People's Liberation Army. However, this claim has been rejected by an internal Communist Party of China, which reported that they could not find the man based on statements made by a reliable party member, "We can’t find him, we got his name from journalists, we have checked through computers but can’t find him among the dead or among those in prison,". There were at least 300, and perhaps thousands, of the protesters had been killed and as many as 10,000 were arrested after Chinese troops and security police stormed through Tiananmen Square, firing indiscriminately into the crowds of protesters. There are several conflicting stories about what happened to this young man after the demonstration; among these sources he was arrested and executed by a firing squad. However, in a 1990 interview with Barbara Walters, then-CPC General Secretary Jiang Zemin was asked what became of the man, Jiang stated "I can't confirm whether this young man you mentioned was arrested or not.".
  55. One of Richard McGregor's books, "The Party", describes a relationship between the Communist Party and the Chinese government. The Chinese Communist Party, the country's sole political party governing China, let Chinese people know that they are using the "model of the US government" that "appoints the entire U.S. cabinet and the heads of federal regulatory commissions, the justices of the Supreme Court, state governors and their deputies, the mayors of major cities, the chief executives of GE, Exxon-Mobil, Wal-Mart and about fifty of the remaining largest U.S. companies, the editors of the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal and the Washington Post, the bosses of the TV networks (e.g.; ABC, CBS, and NBC) and cable stations (HBO, ShowTime, and CNN), the presidents of MIT, Yale and Harvard and other big universities, and the heads of think-tanks (eg.; Brookings Institute, Rand, and the Heritage Foundation)", and the vetting process is secret, and the appointments are announced without any accompanying explanations why they had been made; most Chinese people know these are not true, but no one dares to speak up. Interestingly, in March 2008 the Chinese Communist Party ordered to "establish a store Communist Party committee" within one Wal-Mart store located in the north-east of China.
  56. China is made up of 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao. The 23 provinces are Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; the five autonomous regions are Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Tibet; the four municipalities are Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai and Tianjin. The interesting and fun fact is that Taiwan is not belonging to China, which has consistently claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and asserted Taiwan is no longer in legitimate existence.
  57. China is a socialist republic ruled by a single party, the Communist Party of China. Power in China is divided between the National People's Congress (NPC), the President, and the State Council. The NPC is the single legislative body, whose members are selected by the Communist Party. The State Council, headed by the Premier, is the administrative branch. The People's Liberation Army (PLA), which includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, and the Second Artillery Force, also wields considerable political power, the President is chairman of the Central Military Commission of China, the country's top military organ and commander of its armed forces. The President, the Premier and all government officials are selected by the Communist Party.
  58. Roughly half (47%) of China’s current population were born under the country’s one-child policy (ages 0 to 34 today), and they lived through a very different China, the world’s most populous nation, than the half who were born before.
  59. President Trump defeated Clinton in the Electoral College in the 2016 presidential election, collecting 304 votes to her 227; however, Clinton won the popular vote by 2,864,974 ballots cast. Trump tells Congressional leaders 3-5-million "illegals" cost him popular vote.
  60. One of 11 members of Germany’s parliament (622 members) with Turkish roots; about 3 millions people of Turkish descent live in Germany; half of them retain Turkish citizenship, making Germany in effect Turkey’s fourth-largest electoral district. Some 2,000 of the country’s 3,000 mosques are Turkish, and 900 of those are financed by DITIB, an arm of the Turkish government, which sends the imams from Turkey.
  61. Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's president, tightened his grip on Turkey in July 2016, by shutting down 16 television channels, 23 radio stations, 45 newspapers, 15 universities, 934 other schools, 109 student dormitories, 19 unions, 35 medical institutions as well as over 1,100 other charities and foundations, in his decree since imposing a state of emergency after the failed military coup. He has suspended, detained or placed under investigation more than 60,000 soldiers, police, judges, teachers, civil servants, journalists and others for “complicity in the attempted coup”. The dismissed 2,400 military personnel included 1,200 commissioned officers from the navy, air and land forces.
  62. The European Union - often known as the EU - is an economic and political partnership involving 28 European countries; the EU has its own currency, the euro, which is used by 19 of the member countries; on June 23, 2016 the United Kingdom has voted to leave the EU.
  63. An international tribunal in The Hague ruled in favor of the Philippines in a maritime dispute July 12, 2016, concluding China has no legal basis to claim historic rights to the bulk of the South China Sea. The Tribunal’s award is highly favorable to the Philippines, ruling that China’s nine-dash line claim and accompanying claims to historic rights have no validity under international law; that no feature in the Spratly Islands, including Taiwan-occupied Itu Aba (or Taiping Island), is an island under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS); and that the behavior of Chinese ships physically obstructing Philippine vessels is unlawful. The ruling doesn't just affect China and the Philippines, but other countries, such as Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia, that have competing claims with the nation over large areas of the sea.
  64. China claims some 90 percent of the South China Sea, and the country is developing islands and reefs for military, as well as civilian purposes in a threat to stability. On July 12, 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague will rule on a case brought by the Philippines against China over its territorial claims and actions across the disputed waters and vital global trade route. U.S. warns China against provocations once court rules on sea claims.
  65. In "Hostile Takeover: The Corporate Empire of Cambodia’s Ruling Family" Prime Minister Hun Sen (who is already one of the world’s longest-serving leaders) and his family have interests in at least 114 local companies with a combined share capital over $200 million. “The Huns are renowned as one of the richest, if not the richest, and most powerful families in Cambodia, with a combined wealth estimated by experts to total between $500 million and $1 billion.” The report was released just a week in July 2016 after the U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee in Washington approved a spending bill that makes foreign aid to Cambodia (one of the world's poorest countries) worth $77.8 million contingent upon an end to government harassment of opposition politicians.
  66. Corruption is deeply embedded in Thailand for numerous reasons, including the tradition that officials were entitled to 10 to 30 percent of expenditures for rendering their services, rather than a salary; a tradition of giving gifts to high officials also persists, and while these practices are not directly corrupting, the continuation of gift-giving during a period when officials receive salaries is a major basis of corruption. Businesses indicate that irregular payments and bribes are commonly made in order to obtain favorable judicial decisions. Almost four out of five Thai believe most or all of the police to be corrupt.
  67. Malaysia's then-Attorney General Abdul Gani Patail linked a donation of $681m (£478m) made to the account of Mr. Najib Razak, Malaysia's prime minister, with companies and bodies which had ties to 1MDB. In 7/2015 Mr Najib fired Mr Patail and replaced him with Mr Naji, and also canned the deputy prime minister, Muhyiddin Yassin, who had criticized his handling of the crisis. Mr Naji cleared Mr Najib of corruption in 1/2016. Mr. Razak said that a Saudi royal family member gave him $681 million!
  68. Malaysia's prime minister, Najib Razak, who founded and is the chair of 1MDB, was accused of siphoning money from the investment fund after $681 million was transferred into his personal accounts while $4 billion was misappropriated from 1MDB.
  69. In April 2016 Thailand’s coup leaders gave military officers broad police-like powers to arrest and detain, further eroding the capabilities of civilian authorities in the junta-run state. The military is authorized to seize assets, suspend financial transactions, ban suspects from traveling and arrest people involved with against public peace, defamation, gambling, extortion, and labor abuses.
  70. The best countries in the world
  71. The most corrupt countries by population
    72. :
  72. The most corrupt countries by perception:
  73. As of 2025, the global landscape for press freedom has worsened, with authoritarian crackdowns and conflict zones driving record numbers of journalist imprisonments. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), the top countries jailing journalists in 2024 include China, Israel, Myanmar, Belarus, Russia, Vietnam, Egypt, and Iran. In total, CPJ documented at least 361 journalists imprisoned worldwide as of December 2024, reflecting a sustained global assault on press freedom.
    • China: Continues to lead globally, with widespread detentions of writers, online commentators, and ethnic minority journalists—especially Uyghur, Tibetan, and Mongolian voices.
    • Israel: Surged to second place following its war in Gaza, detaining numerous Palestinian journalists and restricting coverage from occupied territories.
    • Myanmar: Remains among the worst offenders, with harsh sentences for journalists reporting on military abuses and civil unrest.
    • Belarus and Russia: Rounded out the top five, driven by repression of dissent and wartime censorship.
    • Vietnam, Egypt, and Iran: Continue to jail journalists under vague charges like “anti-state propaganda” or “terrorism,” often targeting those who report on human rights, corruption, or environmental issues.
  74. In 2014 The top countries jailed journalists because of their "unflavored" reports are China: 44, Iran: 30, Eritrea: 23, Ethiopia: 17, Vietnam: 16, and Egypt: 12.
  75. As of 2025, China ranks 100th out of 180 countries in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), with a score of 43 out of 100, indicating a moderate level of perceived public sector corruption. This score places China on par with countries like Bulgaria, Moldova, and Solomon Islands, and slightly ahead of Vietnam (40) and India (38). However, it still ranks behind regional neighbors such as Hong Kong (74), Bhutan (72), and Japan (71). Despite ongoing anti-corruption campaigns, China’s CPI score has remained relatively stagnant, reflecting persistent concerns about transparency, judicial independence, and political accountability. The country continues to rank less corrupt than Myanmar, North Korea, Cambodia, Laos, and Russia, but more corrupt than Mongolia, Macao, and South Korea.
  76. As of 2025, the list of countries known to have detonated nuclear weapons remains unchanged from 2014. The nine nuclear-armed states are United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel (undeclared but widely believed to possess nuclear weapons). These countries are recognized either through formal declarations, confirmed nuclear tests, or credible intelligence assessments. No new countries have joined the nuclear club through confirmed detonations since North Korea’s first test in 2006.
  77. As of 2013, Russia possessed an estimated 8,500 total nuclear warheads of which 1,800 were strategically operational, and the United States had an estimated total 7,700 nuclear warheads of which 1,950 were strategically operational. At the peak of the arsenal in 1988, Russia possessed around 45,000 nuclear weapons in its stockpile, roughly 13,000 more than the United States arsenal, the second largest in the world, which peaked in 1966.
  78. The International Day against Nuclear Tests is observed on August 29. It was established on December 2, 2009 at the 64th session of the United Nations General Assembly by the resolution 64/35, which was adopted unanimously.
  79. As of September 2013, the United States has officially recognized 32 Broken Arrow incidents, which refer to accidental events that involve nuclear weapons, warheads or components, but do not create the risk of nuclear war. Some of these events include:
  80. As of 2024, the United States spent approximately $56.8 billion on its nuclear weapons programs—more than all other nuclear-armed states combined. While a detailed breakdown matching the 1996 categories (delivery systems, environmental remediation, weapon production) is not publicly available in the same format, insights from recent reports
    • Modernization and Delivery Systems: A significant portion continues to be allocated to modernizing nuclear delivery systems, including ballistic missile submarines, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), and strategic bombers. This mirrors the historical trend where over half of spending went to delivery systems.
    • Weapon Production and Labs: Billions are directed toward maintaining and upgrading warheads, with the Department of Energy overseeing nuclear weapons laboratories and supporting infrastructure.
    • Environmental and Waste Management: While exact figures for 2024 are not specified, environmental remediation and nuclear waste management remain part of the Department of Energy’s responsibilities, though they likely represent a smaller share compared to modernization efforts.
    • Private Sector Involvement: In 2024 alone, private contractors earned at least $42.5 billion from nuclear weapons-related contracts, highlighting the growing role of defense firms in the nuclear enterprise.
  81. As of 1996, the U.S. spent approximately $8.75 trillion (in present day terms) on its nuclear weapons programs; of which, 57% was spent on building nuclear weapons delivery systems; 6.3 % ($549 billion) was spent on environmental remediation and nuclear waste management/cleaning up; 7% ($615 billion) was spent on making nuclear weapons.
  82. The Manhattan Project (1942-1946) led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada, was a research and development project that made the first atomic bombs during World War II. Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the scientific director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. As a result, the first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb at the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945, and the production of "Little Boy", a gun-type weapon, and "Fat Man", an implosion-type weapon. On 6 August 1945, the "Little Boy" was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, on 9 August, the "Fat Man" was exploded over the Japanese city of Nagasaki. These two bombings resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000 people including acute injuries sustained from the explosions. On August 15, 1945 Emperor Hirohito announced the surrender of Japan to the Allies.
  83. The fissile materials for nuclear weapons development are uranium-235, plutonium-239, uranium-233, Neptunium-237 and americium.
  84. A nuclear weapon is an powerfully explosive device that possess enormous destructive power derived from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first fission ("atomic") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT. The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 10,000,000 tons of TNT.
  85. As of 2025, North Korea remains the most dangerous country in the world to be a Christian, according to Open Doors International’s World Watch List. While exact numbers are difficult to verify due to the regime’s secrecy, recent reports suggest that tens of thousands of Christians are still imprisoned in political prison camps, facing torture, forced labor, and execution for practicing their faith2. A 2025 testimony report released during North Korea Freedom Week highlights the disappearance of at least 70 known Christian prisoners, underscoring the continued brutality and lack of transparency surrounding religious persecution. Christianity is viewed by the regime as a threat to state ideology, and believers are often treated as traitors. The situation remains dire, with international human rights organizations calling for increased pressure and humanitarian aid.
  86. As of 2025, corruption in Cambodia remains deeply entrenched, with the country continuing to rank among the most corrupt globally. Despite the 2010 Anti-Corruption Law and the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Unit (ACU), efforts to combat corruption have been severely undermined by political interference, lack of institutional independence, and weak enforcement mechanisms. The ACU operates under the executive branch, limiting its autonomy and credibility, and has been criticized for selectively targeting political opponents while ignoring corruption within the ruling Cambodian People’s Party. Whistleblower protections remain inadequate. Although regional legal networks have introduced updated guidelines on data protection and whistleblower rights, Cambodia’s domestic framework still lacks meaningful safeguards. Whistleblowers continue to face legal risks, including imprisonment, if they report corruption without irrefutable evidence. Human Rights Watch reports that the government has intensified its crackdown on dissent, with increased arrests of activists and opposition figures, further discouraging transparency and accountability.
    • The level of corruption in Cambodia exceeds most countries in the world. Despite adopting an 'Anti-Corruption Law' in 2010, corruption prevails throughout the country. The 2010 Anti-Corruption Law provided no protection to whistle-blowers, and whistle-blowers can be jailed for up to 6 months if they report corruption that cannot be proven.
  87. Between 1975 and 1979, Cambodia endured one of the most devastating genocides of the 20th century under the brutal regime of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge. During this period, an estimated 2 million people—roughly 25% of the country’s population—were killed through mass executions, forced labor, starvation, and disease. The Khmer Rouge sought to transform Cambodia into a radical agrarian society, targeting intellectuals, ethnic minorities, religious groups, and anyone perceived as a threat to their ideology. The genocide came to an end following the Vietnamese invasion in late 1978, which led to the collapse of the regime and the establishment of a new government in 1979. The legacy of this atrocity continues to shape Cambodia’s national memory, with ongoing efforts to seek justice and preserve historical truth through tribunals and education.
  88. As of 2025, the death toll from Indonesia’s occupation of East Timor (1975–1999) remains a subject of historical reckoning and international concern. Updated estimates continue to cite a range of 100,000 to 300,000 civilian deaths, with the most widely accepted figure hovering around 200,000—including deaths from direct violence, famine, and disease caused by the occupation. The Human Rights Data Analysis Group emphasizes that many deaths remain undocumented due to incomplete testimonies and limited access during the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation’s data collection period. While Timor-Leste has transitioned into a stable democracy and now contributes to UN peacekeeping missions, the legacy of the occupation—including mass displacement, trauma, and unresolved justice claims—continues to shape its national identity and international advocacy efforts.
  89. The 1982 United Nations investigation into Thai pirate attacks on Vietnamese refugee boats revealed a harrowing pattern of violence and exploitation. Over the first 10 months of that year, 289 boats were attacked—each suffering, on average, more than three assaults. These brutal encounters resulted in at least 484 known deaths or murders and 583 documented cases of rape. The refugees, many of whom were fleeing post-war persecution and poverty in Vietnam, were left vulnerable on the open sea, with little protection and limited international intervention. This dark chapter underscores the urgent need for stronger maritime protections and accountability mechanisms for crimes committed against displaced populations.
  90. The attacks on Vietnamese boat people by Thai pirates in the early 1980s represent one of the most harrowing and underreported tragedies of the post-Vietnam War refugee crisis. According to a United Nations investigation, in the first ten months of 1982 alone, 289 refugee boats were assaulted—each suffering, on average, more than three attacks. These brutal encounters led to at least 484 known deaths or murders and 583 documented cases of rape. Refugees, many of whom were fleeing persecution and poverty in Vietnam, were left vulnerable on the open sea, often without protection or recourse. The violence inflicted by these pirates—ranging from theft and assault to sexual violence and murder—underscored the desperate conditions faced by displaced populations and the urgent need for international maritime protections and accountability. This dark chapter remains a sobering reminder of the human cost of displacement and the failure of global systems to safeguard the most vulnerable.
  91. Between 1949 and 1976, during Mao Zedong’s leadership as Chairman of the Communist Party of China, an estimated 70 million people died due to starvation, forced labor, and executions. The most devastating period was the Great Leap Forward (1958–1962), a campaign aimed at rapidly industrializing China that led to widespread famine and the deaths of tens of millions. Political purges such as the Anti-Rightist Movement and the Cultural Revolution further contributed to mass imprisonment, torture, and executions. These events left deep scars on Chinese society, and while official figures remain contested, historians and human rights organizations widely regard this era as one of the deadliest in modern history.
  92. During the Vietnam War, approximately 2,709,918 American military personnel served in uniform, and notably, two-thirds of them were volunteers rather than draftees. The final withdrawal of U.S. combat troops occurred on 29 March 1973, marking the end of direct American military involvement. However, the conflict continued, and on 30 April 1975—just over two years later—South Vietnam fell to North Vietnamese forces, culminating in the capture of Saigon and the reunification of Vietnam under communist rule. This sequence of events underscores the complex legacy of the war, including the sacrifices of American service members and the geopolitical shifts that followed.
  93. Between October 1944 and May 1945, during the final phase of the Japanese occupation of Vietnam in World War II, an estimated 2 million Vietnamese people died from starvation—a catastrophic event known as the Great Famine of 1945. The famine was caused by a combination of factors: forced requisitioning of rice by Japanese and French colonial authorities, destruction of transportation infrastructure due to Allied bombings, and severe flooding that devastated rice crops. Compounding the crisis was the hoarding and export of rice, which left local populations with little access to food. The tragedy not only exposed the brutality of colonial rule but also fueled nationalist sentiment, contributing to the rise of the Viet Minh and the eventual struggle for independence.
  94. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany orchestrated one of history’s most horrific genocides—the Holocaust—resulting in the systematic murder of approximately six million Jews. This genocide was driven by a deeply rooted ideology of racial purity and antisemitism, carried out through mass shootings, gas chambers, forced labor, starvation, and other brutal methods across concentration and extermination camps. In addition to Jewish victims, the Nazis also targeted over five million non-Jews, including Roma (Gypsies), ethnic Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, communists, homosexuals, and individuals with mental or physical disabilities. These groups were persecuted under policies of racial hatred, political repression, and eugenics, reflecting the regime’s broader campaign to eliminate those it deemed undesirable. The Holocaust remains a stark reminder of the consequences of unchecked hatred, authoritarianism, and indifference to human rights.
  95. During the nine-month Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971, the Pakistani military and its allied militias carried out a brutal campaign that resulted in the deaths of approximately 3 million people and the rape of an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 Bangladeshi women. This violence was not incidental—it was systematic, targeting civilians, intellectuals, and ethnic minorities, particularly Hindus, in an effort to suppress the independence movement. The use of rape as a weapon of war was widespread and devastating, leaving deep psychological and social scars that persist to this day. The genocide ended with the intervention of Indian forces and the eventual surrender of Pakistani troops in December 1971, leading to the birth of an independent Bangladesh. Despite the scale of the atrocities, international recognition and justice efforts have been slow, though Bangladesh continues to commemorate the victims and seek accountability through its own war crimes tribunals.
  96. In 1915, during World War I, the Ottoman Empire initiated a campaign of mass deportations and killings targeting its Armenian population—a series of events that led to the deaths of approximately 1.5 million Armenians, or roughly 75% of the community. These atrocities included forced marches, starvation, executions, and widespread violence, and are widely recognized by historians and numerous governments as the Armenian Genocide. The campaign continued into the early 1920s, leaving deep scars on the Armenian diaspora and shaping global conversations about genocide prevention. Despite overwhelming historical evidence and international acknowledgment, the Turkish government has consistently denied that these events constituted genocide, framing them instead as wartime casualties. This denial remains a point of contention in international relations and human rights advocacy, with ongoing calls for recognition, justice, and remembrance.
  97. In 1804, following Haiti’s declaration of independence from France, Jean-Jacques Dessalines—who had led the final phase of the Haitian Revolution and became the country’s first head of state—ordered the systematic killing of the remaining white French population on the island. This event, known as the 1804 Haiti Massacre, targeted French Creoles who were seen as symbols of colonial oppression and slavery. The massacre was carried out in phases and resulted in the deaths of thousands, with exceptions made for certain groups such as Polish soldiers who had defected to support the Haitian cause and some medical professionals. Dessalines justified the killings as a necessary act to secure Haiti’s independence and prevent future re-enslavement, especially given France’s history of betrayal and attempts to reinstate slavery in its colonies. The massacre remains one of the most controversial episodes in post-revolutionary history, reflecting the deep scars left by centuries of brutal enslavement and colonial violence. It also marked Haiti as the first Black republic and the only nation born from a successful slave revolt, though at a profound human and moral cost.
  98. Hybrid regimes represent a middle ground between democracy and authoritarianism, combining formal democratic structures—such as elections and legislatures—with authoritarian practices that undermine their integrity. While these regimes may hold regular elections and maintain institutions like courts and parliaments, the processes are often compromised by corruption, limited media freedom, and manipulation of legal frameworks. Political opposition may exist but is frequently marginalized through legal harassment, censorship, or biased electoral systems. The rule of law is weakened, allowing those in power to operate with limited accountability. As a result, hybrid regimes create the appearance of democracy while restricting genuine political competition and civic participation.
  99. Totalitarian regimes extend their power far beyond conventional governance, striving to dominate nearly every facet of public and private life. Through pervasive propaganda, mass surveillance, and the use of state terror, these regimes enforce strict ideological conformity and suppress dissent. Citizens are often compelled to demonstrate loyalty not just through obedience, but through active participation in state-sanctioned rituals and beliefs. Independent thought, free expression, and personal autonomy are systematically eroded, as the regime seeks to reshape society in line with its overarching ideological vision—whether rooted in nationalism, communism, or religious extremism. The result is a highly controlled environment where deviation from the norm is not just discouraged but punished.
  100. Authoritarian regimes are defined by their concentration of power in the hands of a ruling elite or leader, with limited political pluralism and tightly controlled civil liberties. While elections may be held, they are often symbolic or manipulated to maintain the status quo, lacking genuine competition or transparency. Dissent is typically suppressed through censorship, surveillance, and intimidation, and opposition parties or independent media face significant restrictions. These regimes vary in their degree of control—some allow limited freedoms and economic openness, while others impose strict ideological conformity and pervasive state oversight. The core feature remains the absence of meaningful checks on authority and the curtailment of democratic participation.
  101. Democracies are defined by their commitment to free and fair elections, where citizens have the power to choose their leaders and influence policy through voting. These systems uphold civil liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, ensuring individuals can express themselves without fear of repression. The rule of law guarantees that laws apply equally to all, including those in power, and institutional checks and balances—such as independent courts and legislatures— prevent any one branch from dominating. Crucially, democracies encourage active civic participation and allow political opposition, fostering debate, accountability, and the peaceful transfer of power.

World Politics, Analysis & Outlook

▷ Politics & Issues Discussion Forum
Discussion Forum .

▷ Political Analysis & Outlook
  1. CNN: World Politics.
  2. BBC: World News.
  3. The 2023/2024 Human Development Report
  4. Commission of Inquiry Finds Further Evidence of War Crimes in Ukraine
  5. War Crimes in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
  6. UN Report: Accounts of Rape, Torture and Executions by Russian Troops
  7. Chernihiv: Are These Russia's Weapons of War?
  8. Secretary-General's Remarks to the Security Council on the Middle East | UN
  9. Global Firepower - 2023 World Military Strength Rankings
  10. Human Rights Watch World Reports 2024 - 2023
  11. The Relationship Between Law and Politics
  12. The Relationship Between Violations and Abuses of Human Rights and the Commission of Atrocity Crimes
  13. Poorest Countries in the World
  14. Poverty Headcount Ratio at $2.15 a Day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | Data (worldbank.org)
  15. These Countries Are Loudly Supporting Russia's Ukraine Invasion
  16. Democracy and Dictatorship: The Politics of Innovation
  17. Democracy Under Siege
  18. Democracy and Its Practice: A General Theory of Democratic Relativity
  19. Democracies Divided: The Global Challenge of Political Polarization
  20. Media Freedom in Dictatorships
  21. The Politics of Poverty: Elites, Citizens, and States
  22. Private Spy Software Sold by NSO Group Found on Cell Phones Worldwide
  23. Pegasus: Spyware Sold to Governments 'Targets Activists' | BBC
  24. This Malware Sold to Governments Could Help Them Spy on iPhones
  25. Exporting Digital Authoritarianism
  26. Citizenship in Uncivil Democracies.
  27. Does Democracy Reduce Corruption?
  28. Does Urbanization Promote Democratic Change?
  29. Does Oil Hinder Democracy?
  30. Elections, Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Resource Guide
  31. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy
  32. Governance, Corruption, and Conflict
  33. Global Politics in the 21st Century
  34. The Global State of Democracy
  35. Political Stability by Country, Around the World
  36. Political Instability and Economic Growth
  37. Political Instability and the Interventions of IMF and the World Bank in Non-Democratic Regimes
  38. Political Uncertainty and Initial Public Offerings: A Literature Review
  39. The Truth About Islam and Democracy
  40. List of Sovereign States by Percentage of Population Living in Poverty
  41. List of Royalty by Net Worth.
  42. List of Dictators.
  43. List of Famous Dictators.
  44. List of Convicted War Criminals.
  45. Introduction: Influencing Dictatorships to Become Democracies
  46. Current World Dictators.
  47. Rise of Dictators
  48. Dictators Who Dominate: Betraying Allies to Gain a Preponderance of Power.
  49. Dictatorship Countries.
  50. Dictatorship: Analytical Approaches
  51. Theories of Dictatorships: Sub-Types and Explanations
  52. Strongman: The Rise of Dictators and the Fall of Democracy
  53. Varieties of Dictatorship.
  54. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy.
  55. Influencing Dictatorships to Become Democracies.
  56. Are Dictators on the Way Out – or on the Way Up?.
  57. Autocratic Breakdown and Regime Transitions.
  58. The Highest Paid World Leaders
  59. Countries With Royal Families
  60. Countries With Current Monarchies
  61. Country Corruption Perceptions Index: 2022 - 2021 - 2020 - 2019
  62. Corruption in Dictatorships
  63. Corruption Is a Pandemic. The solution Is Democracy.
  64. Most Corrupt Countries.
  65. Most Corrupt Countries in the World – Ranked.
  66. Most Corrupt Countries in the World: Global Rating.
  67. The Most Corrupt Countries in the World | Forbes
  68. The Most Corrupt Countries in the World.
  69. The Most Corrupt Countries in the World - Info List.
  70. "Fake News: An Insidious Trend that's Fast Becoming a Global Problem.
  71. Issues in International Politics.
  72. Evicted and Abandoned: The World Bank’s Broken Promise to the Poor.
  73. Champions of Human Rights.
  74. Battle for the Holy Land
  75. Failures of Intelligence.
  76. The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism.
  77. Islam's Political Polyphony
  78. Inside the Terror Network
  79. Terrorism in South Asia
  80. Amnesty International Reports
  81. Enlargement Issues at NATO's Bucharest Summit
  82. Secrecy for Sale: Inside the Global Offshore Money Maze
  83. Don't Blame Western Monetary Policy for Emerging Market Woes.
  84. Antisemitism in Islam.
  85. The Dragon in the Backyard.
  86. U.S. Sends Home Brothers Held for Nearly 20 Years at Guantánamo Bay | NYT
  87. Life After Guantanamo: 'We Are Still in Jail' | BBC
  88. The Sudden Silencing of Guantanamo's Artists | BBC
  89. Generation Gap: How Age Shapes Political Outlook.
  90. Alert 2021! Report on Conflicts, Human Rights and Peacebuilding
  91. Taking the Guesswork Out of Policy.
  92. The Structure of the Executive in Authoritarian and Democratic Regimes: Regime Dimensions across the Globe, 1900-2014.
  93. The Opposite of Thinking.
  94. An Understanding of the Human Rights Act
  95. Exercising Your Human Rights
  96. Kingdoms and Monarchs of the World
  97. Current Monarchs of Sovereign States
  98. Meet the World's Other 25 Royal Families
  99. Current Communist Countries in the World.
  100. Communist Countries, Past and Present.
  101. Communist Countries.
  102. Hottest Heads of State.
  103. Women and Human Rights
  104. Women's Rights
  105. Women’s Rights Are Human Rights
  106. Women's Rights: Reproductive Rights and Abortion.
  107. The World Corruption Perception Summary - Corruption by Country. | Transparency.org
  108. The World's Most and Least Free Countries.
  109. The World's Remaining Communist Countries.
  110. The World's Biggest Gamble.
  111. The World's 50 Greatest Leaders.
  112. The World's Most Popular Religious Destinations.
  113. The World's Most Powerful People (All Time)
  114. The World's Most Powerful People
  115. Worst of the Worst - The World's Most Repressive Societies:
  116. The New Politics of Judicial Elections, 2000–2009: Decade of Change
  117. Politics by Aristotle - Written 350 B.C.E .
  118. Explore WW II History
  119. History: World War II | BBC
  120. World War II: Summary, Combatants & Facts
  121. World War I: Causes and Timeline
  122. World War I in Photos: Introduction
  123. World War I Fast Facts | CNN
  124. 6 Countries Sided With Russia in UN Vote on Ukraine War
  125. 10 Most Corrupt Countries in the World.
  126. 10 Conflicts to Watch in 2018.
  127. 10 Poorest Countries in the World.
  128. 10 Least Developed Countries in the World.
  129. 12 Most Racist Countries Against Blacks in the World.
  130. 15 Poorest Countries in the World.
  131. 15 Most Advanced Countries in Europe.
  132. 20 Most Corrupt Countries in the World.
  133. 25 Poorest Countries in the World.
  134. 25 Least Developed Countries in the World.
  135. 30 Most Authoritarian Regimes in the World.
  136. 30 Years After the Tiananmen Square Massacre.
  137. 32 Most Corrupt Countries in the World.
  138. 50 Poorest Countries in the World
  139. 50 Poorest Countries in the World | Insider Monkey
  140. 100 Women Who Are Redefining Power
  141. 100 Top Global Thinkers.
▷ How, What, Who, Why
  1. How to Understand, and Deal with Dictatorship
  2. How Countries Voted U.N. Resolution to End Ukraine War and Who Abstained
  3. How the Communist Party Runs the Country in China
  4. How Modern Dictators Survive: An Informational Theory of the New Authoritarianism.
  5. How the Communist Party Runs the Country
  6. How Modern Dictators Survive: Cooptation, Censorship, Propaganda, and Repression
  7. What Is Politics.
  8. What Is Religious Militancy and Its Relationship to Terrorism?.
  9. What Is Pegasus Spyware and How It Works?
  10. What Is Pegasus Spyware Controversy?
  11. What Are Human Rights?
  12. What Makes a Terrorist.
  13. What You Need to Know About Pegasus Spyware and the US Government
  14. When a Populist Demagogue Takes Power.
  15. Where Political Comedy Is No Joke.
  16. Who Are Russia's Allies in the Ukraine Conflict and What Is Their Stance?
  17. Why Corruption Matters: Understanding Causes, Effects and How to Address Them.
  18. Why Some Countries Still Support Russia Amid Atrocities in Ukraine.
▷ Asia
  1. The Return of Military Rule in South and Southeast Asia
  2. A Short History of South East Asia
  3. CPI 2021 for Asia Pacific: Grand Corruption and Lack of Holding Back Progress
  4. Asia Pacific: Little to No Progress on Anti-Corruption
  5. "Asian Values" and Democracy in Asia
  6. Dictatorship versus Democracy in Southeast Asia
  7. U.N. Calls for Investigation After Report of more than 30 Massacred by Myanmar Military
  8. Save the Children Workers Missing After 30 Villagers Reportedly Massacred by Myanmar Troops
  9. Myanmar Junta and Armed Rebels Agree Ceasefire
  10. Myanmar Civil War: Opponents Vow ‘Beginning of the End’ for Junta as Resistance Fighters Launch Nationwide Offensive
  11. Myanmar Junta Executes Leading Democracy Activists Ko Jimmy and Phyo Zayar Thaw
  12. Myanmar Junta Extends State of Emergency by Six Months
  13. Myanmar: Military Executes Four Democracy Activists Including Ex-MP
  14. Myanmar’s Coup and Its Aftermath, Explained
  15. The Built-In Brutality of Myanmar’s Military
  16. The China-Myanmar Economic Corridor, 2 Years After the Coup
  17. Two Years on from Myanmar Coup: What’s the Plan?
  18. Activist, Ex-Lawmaker Among Detainees Executed in Myanmar
  19. As Myanmar Suffers, the Military Junta Is Desperate, Isolated and Running out of Options
  20. Dictatorship, Disorder and Decline in Myanmar
  21. Myanmar/Burma: Repression of Religious Freedom and Fundamental Human Rights
  22. Junta Approves $2.5bn Power Plant Project Backed by Chinese Companies
  23. Myanmar: Coup Leads to Crimes Against Humanity
  24. The Political Economy of Myanmar’s Transition
  25. In Myanmar Jungle, Civilians Prepare to Battle Military Rulers
  26. Myanmar Coup Highlights Autocracy's Rise in Southeast Asia
  27. Rebels Seize Myanmar Military Post Along Thai Border
  28. Allies of Myanmar Coup Resisters Capture Military Base
  29. Myanmar Under the Military Rule 1962-1988
  30. Human Rights Watch World Report: on Myanmar: 2022 - 2021
  31. Military Rule in Myanmar
  32. To Understand Post-Coup Myanmar, Look to Its History of Popular Resistance not Sanctions
  33. Myanmar Is Still at War, More Than a Year After Military Coup
  34. Myanmar Civil War: Opponents Vow ‘Beginning of the End’ for Junta as Resistance Fighters Launch Nationwide Offensive
  35. Myanmar Civil War (2021–Present)
  36. Myanmar Opposition Announces ‘Defensive War’ Against Junta
  37. Death Toll Rises as Protests in Myanmar Continue
  38. Myanmar Protests, and Killings, Continue
  39. Myanmar: Protesters Defy Rising Death Toll
  40. Myanmar's Military Ruler Declares Himself Prime Minister ...
  41. Deaths Rise as Myanmar Police Step up Brutality Against Coup
  42. Myanmar: Over 100 Killed in Deadliest Day Since Military Coup
  43. Thai Army Denies Supplying Rice to Myanmar Forces
  44. Deaths Rise as Myanmar Police Step up Brutality Against Coup ...
  45. Protests in Myanmar Continue in Face of Military Junta Killings.
  46. The Thai Playbook for Myanmar's Coup Leaders.
  47. The Myanmar Public Fights Not to End Up Like Thailand.
  48. Myanmar Junta Leader Asks Thai Counterpart for Help on ...
  49. Myanmar Police and Military Kill at Least 18 People after Opening Fire on Protesters.
  50. 'Myanmar Is Like a Battlefield': UN Says at least 18 Dead as Security Forces Fire on Protesters
  51. U.S. Warns Myanmar's Military It'll be Punished for Coup
  52. Myanmar’s Troubled History: Coups, Military Rule, and Ethnic Conflict
  53. Myanmar: Military Coup Kills Fragile Democracy
  54. Glaring Glimpse into Myanmar Military’s Self-delusion
  55. Myanmar's Military Takes Power in Coup, Detains Suu Kyi
  56. Myanmar Coup: Calls for Aung San Suu Kyi Release
  57. Myanmar Coup: What Is Happening and Why?
  58. Myanmar: China, the Coup and the Future
  59. Myanmar Coup: China Blocks UN Condemnation as Protest Grow
  60. Beijing's Position on the Myanmar Coup
  61. China's Role in Myanmar Coup
  62. Myanmar Coup Response by China, Thailand more Muted
  63. As Myanmar Protesters Torch Chinese Factories, Workers Are Caught in Spiraling Crisis
  64. Anti-China Outrage Pulls Beijing into Myanmar Coup Crisis
  65. Recurring Coups in Myanmar and Thailand: Military as Monarchy and the Military-Monarchy Nexus.
  66. Rohingya Refugees, Workers Raise Funds to Help Ethnic Rakhines Displaced by War
  67. Myanmar Rohingya Crisis
  68. Burma: Widespread Rape of Rohingya Women, Girls
  69. The Mass Rape of Rohingya Muslim Women: An All-Out War Against All Women
  70. Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar
  71. The Rohingya Crisis, Explained
  72. Myanmar's Rohingya Refugee Crisis Explained
  73. The Rohingya Crisis | CNN
  74. Rohingya Crisis and Emergency
  75. Rohingya Genocide
  76. Politics of Myanmar
  77. Political, Economic and Social Challenges for Myanmar
  78. Myanmar Has Blazed a Path to Democracy Without Rights
  79. Myanmar: A Political Economy Analysis
  80. Myanmar: The Military Regime's View of the World
  81. World Report 2020: Myanmar | Human Rights Watch
  82. U.S. Policy Towards Burma
  83. U.S. Sanctions on Burma
  84. Burma's April Parliamentary By-Elections
  85. U.S. Sanctions on Burma
  86. Aung San Suu Kyi, Long a Symbol of Dignified Defiance, Sounds a Provocative Note
  87. U.S. Senator Meets Suu Kyi, Myanmar Junta Leader
  88. The Untold Love Story of Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi
  89. The Lady & the General - Meet the Political Odd Couple Driving Democratic Reform in Burma.
  90. Burma's Political Prisoners and U.S. Sanctions
  91. Burma's 2010 Election Campaign: Issues for Congress
  92. Burma's 2010 Elections: Implications of the New Constitution and Election Laws
  93. Burma and Transnational Crime
  94. Burma - U.S. Relations
  95. Burma: Economic Sanctions
  96. Aung San Suu Kyi: The Democracy Icon Who Fell from Grace.
  97. Myanmar: Thai State-Owned Company Funds Junta
  98. Thai PM Tells UN Envoy He Won't Push Back Myanmar Refugees
  99. Myanmar’s Junta Tries to Follow the Thailand Model for Legitimizing Its Rule — But Is Unlikely to Succeed
  100. The Thai Playbook for Myanmar's Coup Leaders
  101. The Myanmar Public Fights Not to End Up Like Thailand
  102. Thailand and Myanmar: A Bond in Dictatorship and Dissent
  103. Thailand in Limbo as Move Forward’s Electoral Impetus Hits Political Roadblocks
  104. Snares and Traps: Thai Politics After the May 2023 Election
  105. Intrigue, Uncertainty in Thailand After Opposition's Election Win
  106. Thailand Election Results 2023: Voters Back Pro-Democracy Parties in Major Blow to Military Rule
  107. Thailand Targets Pro-Democracy Protesters in Sweeping Legal Dragnet (2/1/2021)
  108. Human Rights Watch World Report: Thailand 2020 - 2018
  109. Demands for Democratic Reform Surge in Thailand
  110. American Hotel Guest in Thailand Arrested & Jailed for Defamation After Posting Bad Online Reviews.
  111. Police in Bangkok Use Water Cannon to Break Up Anti-Government Protests.
  112. US Man Faces Jail in Thailand over Hotel Review.
  113. Thailand: Authorities Using Repressive Laws to Intensify Crackdown on Online Critics
  114. Thailand: 3 Junta Critics Charged with Sedition over Facebook Posts
  115. Protests Take on Thailand's Monarchy.
  116. Militarization of Politics in Myanmar and Thailand
  117. Thailand: Visit of King's Estranged Sons Comes at a Delicate Time for Monarchy
  118. Thailand Protests: The Monarchy Was Long Considered God
  119. Thailand Protests: Risking It All to Challenge the Monarchy
  120. Thailand Protests: Unprecedented Revolt Pits the People Against the King
  121. Thailand Protests: Scores Injured as Police Clash with Pro-Democracy Activists in 2021
  122. Thailand: Is Royal Reform a Far-fetched Dream?
  123. Thailand Doles Out Longest-Ever Sentence for Criticizing Royalty
  124. Thailand Revives Law Banning Criticism of King in Bid to Curb Protests
  125. Thai Man Jailed for Record 50 Years for Royal Insult
  126. Man Jailed for Record 50 Years for Criticising Thai Monarchy
  127. Court in Thailand Sentences Woman to 43 Years for Criticizing Monarchy
  128. Thai Woman Jailed for Record 43 Years for Criticising Monarchy
  129. Thai Lawyer Who Called for Monarchy Reform Sentenced to More Jail Time
  130. The Crisis of the Thai Monarchy
  131. The Playboy King of Thailand Isn’t Playing Around
  132. Unprecedented Open Criticism of King Aired at Thai Protest
  133. Everything We Know About Thailand's King Maha Vajiralongkorn
  134. The King and His Cult: Thailand's Monarch and the Religious Culture
  135. The History of Thailand's Royal Family
  136. Meet the Thai Royal Family Today
  137. Chaiyo! King Vajiravudh and the Development of Thai Nationalism
  138. The Future of the Monarchy in Thailand
  139. The Monarchy in Thailand: At the Critical Royal Transition
  140. To Speak Out Is Dangerous: Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Thailand
  141. The Thai King Is Consolidating Power — and It Could Backfire
  142. Asian Democracies and Thailand’s Military Takeover
  143. Militarization of Politics in Myanmar and Thailand
  144. Thailand: from Coup to Crisis
  145. Thai Students Protest Military, Monarchy.
  146. Thai Students Protest the Military.
  147. Wanchalearm Satsaksit: The Thai Satirist Abducted in Broad Daylight.
  148. COVID-19 and a Possible Political Reckoning in Thailand
  149. Politics in Thailand and Its Military Strength
  150. Thai Protests in 2020.
  151. “To Speak Out is Dangerous” - The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Thailand.
  152. Thailand: The State of Conflict and Violence in Asia
  153. Thailand Human Rights| Human Rights Watch.
  154. Thailand: Never Saw It Coming.
  155. Thailand and the Coup Trap.
  156. Coup Politics in Thailand - Twentieth Time Lucky?.
  157. Protests Against Thailand Coup.
  158. Thailand in Crisis.
  159. Are Thais Getting the Dictators They Deserve?
  160. Understanding Thailand's Monarchy Problem
  161. Thai Junta Leader Seeks to Replace Martial Law With Sweeping New Powers.
  162. Thailand's Military Junta Impeaches and Bans Former Prime Minister Yingluck.
  163. Thailand and the Coup Trap.
  164. Thai Junta Shows No Signs of Halting Assault on Human Rights.
  165. Crucial Facts About Human Rights in Thailand.
  166. Political Turmoil in Thailand and U.S. Interests
  167. Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations
  168. Thailand's Junta's 'Reforms' May Herald a Return to Older Ways.
  169. Thailand's Political Future - Changing of the Garb.
  170. In Junta-Ruled Thailand, Reading Is Now Resistance.
  171. Thai Junta Moves to Tighten Its Grip over the Country.
  172. Thai Army Detains Former PM Yingluck.
  173. Thailand's Army Criticized for 'De Facto Coup'.
  174. Thailand Coup: A Cheat Sheet to Get You up to Speed.
  175. Thailand's Military Seizes Power in Coup.
  176. Thai Military Leader: Junta Will Hold Power ‘Indefinitely’
  177. Behind Thailand’s Coup Is a Fight Over the King and his Successor. But It’s Hush-hush.
  178. Thai Anti-Government Protesters Call for Fair Process to Replace Ousted Prime Minister
  179. Amnesty International Thailand Chair and Other Activists Face Jail for Exposing Torture
  180. Confined to a Thai Fishing Boat, for Three Years
  181. Vietnamese Refugees Brave Seas and Thai Pirates ...
  182. Thai Pirates Plaguing Vietnamese Refugees
  183. Thai Fishermen Again Brutalizing Vietnam Refugees ...
  184. Thai Pirates Continuing Brutal Attacks on Vietnamese Boat People
  185. Pirates in Southeast Asia: The World's Most Dangerous Waters
  186. Was Your Seafood Caught By Slaves (in Thailand)? AP Uncovers Unsavory Trade
  187. AP Investigation Prompts Emergency Rescue of 300 Plus Slaves (in Thailand)
  188. AP Investigation (in Thailand): Are Slaves Catching the Fish You Buy?
  189. Thailand Country Report (2020)
  190. Thai Workers Against Dictatorship?
  191. Thailand 'Run Against Dictatorship' Draws Thousands
  192. Thailand: Modern Slavery Industry!
  193. Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Thailand
  194. Thailand's Military Dictatorship Lives On
  195. Military Coup and Democracy in Thailand
  196. Thailand: "They Are Always Watching" - Restricting freedom of Expression Online
  197. Thailand: Freedom on the Net
  198. Timeline: Thailand's Coups, Kings and Protests
  199. Democracy Dreams: A Pedagogy of Struggle in Thailand
  200. Dictatorship, Monarchy, and Freedom of Expression in Thailand
  201. Yingluck Shinawatra, Thailand's First Female Prime Minister
  202. Brutal Pirates Increasingly Plague Vietnamese Refugees at Sea
  203. Horrible Statistics of Thai Pirates vs Vietnamese Refugees
  204. Pirates in the Gulf of Siam
  205. Asia’s Great Powers and Regional Stability: A New Trilateral Dynamic Between the U.S, China, and Japan.
  206. Contingency Planning Memorandum - A China-Vietnam Military Clash.
  207. Troubles on the Mekong
  208. Will China Turn Off the Mekong Tap?
  209. Damming the Mekong Basin to Environmental Hell
  210. Philippines Places Buoys in Parts of S.China Sea to Assert Sovereignty
  211. World Report 2023: Philippines | Human Rights Watch
  212. Journalists, Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov, Known for Taking on Governments of Philippines and Russia Win Nobel Peace Prize
  213. Philippines’ "War on Drugs".
  214. Philippines: Rodrigo Duterte and the Culture of Impunity.
  215. Philippine Politics Under Duterte: A Midterm Assessment.
  216. The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests
  217. The Bloody Business of Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte.
  218. In the Philippines, Poverty and Corruption Fuel the Drug Trade.
  219. An Analysis of Philippine Political Economy under Duterte.
  220. Things to Know About Rodrigo Duterte.
  221. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): U.S. and International Response to Philippines Disaster
  222. Politics and Policing in the Philippines: Challenges to Police Reform
  223. Participation of Women in Philippine Politics and Society: A Situationer
  224. Democratic Deficits in the Philippines: Issues and Challenges
  225. Sri Lanka: Background and U.S. Relations
  226. Politics of Singapore
  227. Singapore: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report
  228. Singapore’s First Election Under the Fake News Law
  229. Singapore's Stubborn Authoritarianism | Harvard Politics
  230. The Puzzle of Singapore
  231. Is Singapore a Democracy or Dictatorship?
  232. Singapore Challenges the Idea That Democracy Is the Best Form of Governance
  233. Is Singapore’s Prime Minister Really Overpaid? (USD $1.6 million/Year).
  234. Singapore's PM Ranks World’s Highest-paid Leader.
  235. Singapore: Background and U.S. Relations
  236. The US - Singapore Free Trade Agreement
  237. Singapore Fake News Law a 'Disaster' for Freedom of Speech.
  238. Human Rights in Singapore
  239. Freedom of Expression and the Media in Singapore
  240. Suppression of Free Expression and Assembly in Singapore.
  241. Singapore Human Rights and Freedom of Expression Issues.
  242. Van Gogh and Monet Paintings Seized in 1MDB Corruption Investigation.
  243. 1MDB Scandal: Singapore Uncovers Lapses at DBS, UBS, Standard Chartered.
  244. UBS, Standard Chartered Targeted by Singapore for 1MDB Lapses.
  245. 1MDB: The Inside Story of the World's Biggest Financial Scandal.
  246. Malaysia Corruption Scandal, 1MDB & Najib Razak Latest News.
  247. Malaysia Invokes British Colonial-era Law to Silence Critics.
  248. Political Corruption in Malaysia.
  249. Malaysia Premier Najib Under Fire: What You Need to Know.
  250. Arrests at Rally Calling for Najib's Resignation.
  251. Saudi Royals Gave Malaysia's PM $681 Million
  252. Saudi Gift ($681M) to Malaysia PM Najib Razak 'for Election Campaign'
  253. Malaysia Attorney General: Saudi Royal Family Gave Najib $681M 'Personal Donation'
  254. Malaysia’s Leader, Najib Razak, Faces U.S. Corruption Inquiry.
  255. Malaysian Prime Minister Engulfed by Multi-billion Dollar Scandal.
  256. A Study of Democracy and the Political Change in Malaysia
  257. Malaysia: Political Transition and Implications for U.S. Policy
  258. China and India Border Crisis.
  259. Timor-Leste: Political Dynamics, Development, and International Involvement
  260. Political Outlook for Cambodia.
  261. Cambodia: Hun Sen and His Abusive Generals | Human Rights Watch.
  262. Cambodia Corruption Report
  263. Exiles Seek Global Scrutiny of Cambodia Political Crackdown.
  264. From Khmer Rouge to Khmer Riche: Is Hun Sen ... Grip on Cambodia’s Corrupt Politics?
  265. Corruption and Cambodia's Governance System
  266. In Cambodia, Dissenting Voters Find Ways to Say ‘None of the Above’.
  267. Cambodian Mass Trial Against Government Opponents Reopens.
  268. Cambodia’s Political Succession Could Get Messy.
  269. US Envoy Conveys Concerns to Cambodia About Myanmar, China.
  270. The Belt and Road in Cambodia: Successes and Challenges
  271. Cambodia Prime Minister Hun Sen Challenges U.S. to Cut all Aid to Cambodia.
  272. Cambodian Opposition Party Dissolved by Supreme Court Amid Calls for Australia to Act.
  273. Cambodia Accused of 'Killing Off Democracy' After Opposition Party.
  274. Cambodia PM Threatens Facebook Ban After Posts Ruled Violent
  275. Is Cambodia Really Becoming a Dictatorship?
  276. Cambodia Top Court Dissolves main Opposition CNRP Party
  277. 'Death of Democracy' in Cambodia as Court Dissolves Opposition.
  278. Cambodia: The Birth of a Dictator.
  279. 'Stranglehold': Hun Sen Rules Cambodia and His Family Own It.
  280. Hun Sen, Cambodian Prime Minister, Amassed Huge Secret Fortune.
  281. The Cambodia Conundrum: What Is Wrong With Hun Sen?.
  282. Cambodia, a Nominal Democracy, Lurches Toward Full-Blown Dictatorship
  283. Cambodia Completes Its Slide from Democracy to Dictatorship
  284. Cambodian Dictatorship Propped Up by 12 Ruthless Generals
  285. Cambodian PM Now 'Fully Fledged Military Dictator'
  286. Cambodia Opposition: Democracy Replaced by 'Dictatorship'
  287. Cambodia’s Descent: Policies to Support Democracy and Human Rights”
  288. Cambodia: Freedom of Expression and the Case of Rap Artist Kea Sokun
  289. Cambodia Should End Threats, Arrests of Activists Who Marked Anniversary of Paris Accords
  290. China Supports Cambodia's Crackdown on Political Opposition
  291. Cambodia: 30 Years of Hun Sen Violence, Repression.
  292. Cambodia's Foreign Relations Losing the Limelight.
  293. Is Cambodia Overly Dependent on China?
  294. Cambodia’s Disastrous Dependence on China: A History Lesson
  295. US Orders Arms Embargo on Cambodia, Cites Chinese Influence.
  296. New US Embargo on Cambodia Over Friendship with China.
  297. Underwater: Human Rights Impacts of a China Belt and Road Project in Cambodia
  298. U.S.-Cambodia Relations: Issues for the 113th Congress
  299. Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations
  300. Henry Kissinger’s Central Role in the U.S. Carpet Bombing of Cambodia
  301. Hostile Takeover: Cambodia’s Hun Sen, in Power for 30 Years and Vast Personal Fortunes with Extreme Consequences for the Population.
  302. Cambodian Opposition Figure’s Killing Recalls Darker Times
  303. Cambodia Is a Deadly Political Mess That the World Completely Ignores
  304. Strongman Hun Sen Has Cambodia’s Economy ‘Sewn Up,’ Says Report
  305. The Rise and Fall of Democratic Kampuchea
  306. The Killing of Cambodia
  307. Surviving the Killing Fields - The Long-term Consequences of the Khmer Rouge
  308. The Cambodian Genocide, 1975-1979
  309. Cambodian Genocide and Killing Fields
  310. Inside the 'Living Hell' of Cambodia's Scam Operations
  311. Foreign Casinos Have Been a Disaster for Cambodia
  312. Dams, Casinos and Concessions - Chinese Mega-projects in Laos and Cambodia
  313. Gambling on the Future: Casino Enclaves, Development, and Poverty Alleviation in Laos
  314. China’s Promise of Prosperity Brought Laos Debt — and Distress
  315. Laos Is Not in a Chinese ‘Debt Trap’ – But It Is in Trouble
  316. 'I feel hopeless': Living in Laos on the Brink
  317. Laos Economic Crisis Intensifies Amid Massive Debt
  318. The Political Economy of Transition in Laos
  319. Lao People's Democratic Republic
  320. Politics of Laos
  321. Thai Protests Inspire Rare Online Government Criticism in Neighboring Laos
  322. UN Finally Tells the Truth About Laos
  323. Human Rights in Laos.
  324. Laos: Freedom in the World Country Report
  325. Laos: Background and U.S. Relations
  326. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Laos
  327. Politics and Reform in the Lao People's Democratic Republic
  328. Lao Christians Arrested, Held in Jail for Planning Funeral Rites
  329. Laos Grilled on Disappearances, Speech Curbs at UN Rights Meeting
  330. Laos: An Overview of Human Rights Violations
  331. Shinzo Abe, Former Prime Minister of Japan, Dies After Being Shot at Campaign Event
  332. July 8, 2022 Shinzo Abe Shot Dead in Nara, Japan
  333. Shinzo Abe's Assassin Used a Handmade Firearm
  334. Japan's Former PM Shinzo Abe Assassinated at Campaign Event.
  335. Japan-China Tensions Rise, the Remote Yonaguni Island Ramps up Defenses
  336. Shangri-La Dialogue: Japan PM Abe Urges Security Role.
  337. The Japanese Surprise Attack They Didn’t Teach You in School
  338. Emerging Trends in the Security Architecture in Asia: Bilateral and Multilateral Ties Among the United States, Japan, Australia, and India
  339. Japan Joins the Trans-Pacific Partnership: What Are the Implications?
  340. The Coming Conflict Between China and Japan
  341. Japan's Currency Intervention: Policy Issues
  342. Japan's Defense Minister Draws Red Line Around Disputed Islands
  343. Is China Escalating Tensions With Japan in the East China Sea?
  344. U.S.-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options
  345. Japan - U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
  346. Second Sino-Japanese War: Summary, Combatants, Facts, & Map
  347. Japan's 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Food and Agriculture Implications
  348. Japan's 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Economic Effects and Implications for the United States
  349. Japan 2011 Earthquake: U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Response
  350. Japan's Historic 2009 Elections: Implications for U.S. Interests
  351. Japan's Political Turmoil in 2008: Background and Implications for the United States
  352. Japan Steps Out of US' Shadow as China Threat Grows
  353. The US - Japan Alliance
  354. Brief Historical Overview of Japanese Emigration, 1868-1998
  355. Japan’s Self-Destructive Immigration Policy
  356. As Its Population Ages, Japan Quietly Turns to Immigration
  357. Political Corruption in Japan
  358. Corruption, Leadership, and the Limits of Political Reform in Japan
  359. Power and Money in Japanese Politics
  360. Japan: Bribery & Corruption Laws and Regulations
  361. Resolved: Japan Is Entering a Period of Political Instability
  362. Japan - Political Developments
  363. Politics of Japan and Its Military Strength
  364. Women in Afghanistan | Wikipedia
  365. Women in Afghanistan
  366. Treatment of Women by the Taliban
  367. Taliban Order Afghanistan's Hair and Beauty Salons to Shut
  368. Taliban Ban Women from Parks and Funfairs in Afghan Capital
  369. Taliban Ban Women from Parks and Gyms in Afghanistan
  370. Taliban’s Ban on Girls’ Education in Afghanistan
  371. Taliban Ban Girls from Secondary Education in Afghanistan
  372. Taliban Suspend University Education for Women in Afghanistan
  373. Afghanistan: Toll of Ban on Girls’ Secondary Education
  374. Taliban Begins to Enforce Education Ban, Leaving Afghan Women With Tears and Anger
  375. Fighting the Taliban’s Ban on Girls’ Education: What Is Lost When We Shut Girls out of School?
  376. Taliban to Impose Their Interpretation of Sharia Law in Afghanistan
  377. Afghan Supreme Leader Orders Full Implementation of Sharia Law
  378. Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
  379. Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance
  380. Afghanistan: U.S. Rule of Law and Justice Sector Assistance
  381. Taliban
  382. Taliban, Northern Alliance Agree Not to Attack each Other: Sources
  383. War in Afghanistan: Strategy, Military Operations, and Issues for Congress
  384. United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan: Background and Policy Issues
  385. Understanding the Taliban’s Military Victory
  386. War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) | Wikipedia
  387. United States Invasion of Afghanistan | Wikipedia
  388. The War In Afghanistan
  389. Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War
  390. NATO and Afghanistan
  391. EU Involvement in Afghanistan
  392. Timeline of U.S. Withdrawal from Afghanistan
  393. A Timeline of US Involvement in Afghanistan
  394. Afghanistan: Demographic Consequences of War, 1978-1987
  395. Countries Participating in the War in Afghanistan
  396. Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan ...
  397. Human and Budgetary Costs of Afghan War, 2001-2021.
  398. Afghanistan Video: Key Scenes from the Taliban's Swift Victory.
  399. Afghanistan: Iran Pays $1,000 for each U.S. Soldier Killed by the Taliban
  400. Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom Fast Facts
  401. In Afghanistan, al-Qaeda Is Working more Closely with the Taliban, Pentagon Says
  402. Red on Red: Analyzing Afghanistan's Intra-Insurgency Violence – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point
  403. Recently Publicized Ties Between Iran and the Taliban Could Affect U.S.-Taliban Talks
  404. Afghanistan: Top Pentagon Officials Say Russian Bounty Program Not Corroborated
  405. China Offered Afghan Militants Bounties to Attack US Soldiers
  406. Afghanistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance
  407. Afghanistan Conflict (1978–Present)
  408. The U.S. and Democratization in Afghanistan
  409. Afghanistan, the United States, and the Legacy of Afghanistan’s Civil War
  410. An American Provocation: U.S. Foreign Policy during the Soviet-Afghanistan War
  411. Afghanistan Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Reports
  412. Afghan Refugees: Current Status and Future Prospects
  413. New Offer on Bin Laden
  414. Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy
  415. The Afghanistan War and the Breakdown of the Soviet Union
  416. The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the U.S. Response, 1978–1980
  417. Afghanistan and Pakistan Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZs), H.R. 1318/H.R. 1886/H.R. 2410 and S. 496: Issues and Arguments
  418. Pervez Musharraf’s Pro-Taliban Afghan Policy Proved Double-edged Sword for Pakistan
  419. Islamist Militancy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Region and U.S. Policy
  420. The Afghan-Pakistan Conflict
  421. The Afghanistan-Pakistan War
  422. East Asia's Foreign Exchange Rate Policies
  423. East Asian Regional Architecture: New Economic and Security Arrangements and U.S. Policy
  424. Bangladesh Apparel Factory Collapse: Background in Brief
  425. Bangladesh Military (Thief): A History of Coup, Corruption, Rape And Torture
  426. Bangladesh: Political and Strategic Developments and U.S. Interests
  427. Bangladesh: Background and U.S. Relations
  428. Bangladesh Turns 50 as Fears Grow over State of Democracy
  429. Military Coups in Bangladesh
  430. Is Bangladesh Heading Towards Disaster?
  431. Bangladesh Deadly Polls
  432. Violent Bangladesh Elections
  433. Democracy and Political Parties in Bangladesh
  434. Bangladeshi Political Crisis: 2006–2008
  435. Bangladesh: The Coup that Dare Not Speak Its Name
  436. Bangladesh: General Moeen Purge 1/11 Key Players in Power Struggle to Regain Supremacy
  437. Renewed Violence Hits Bangladesh - 12 Killed, 2,000 Hurt
  438. Political Conflict, Extremism and Criminal Justice in Bangladesh
  439. Bangladesh Election Crackdown on Political Opponents
  440. Islam in Bangladesh Politics
  441. Bangladesh Politics: Confrontation, Monopoly and Crisis in Governance
  442. Bangladesh | Human Rights Watch
  443. Islamist Extremism in Bangladesh
  444. Bangladesh: Politics, Economy and Civil Society
  445. Politics of Bangladesh and Its Military Strength
  446. Bangladesh Profile - Timeline
  447. Bangladesh - Government and Society
  448. Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
  449. Central Asia's Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests
  450. East Timorese Politics in Flux
  451. List of Political Parties in East Timor
  452. East Timor Political Parties and Groupings
  453. East Timor: Political Dynamics, Development, and International Involvement
  454. East Timor: Potential Issues for Congress
  455. Extent of Public Corruption in Timor-Leste
  456. The Alarming Nature of Corruption in Timor-Leste
  457. Politics of East Timor
  458. Fighting Corruption With Spiritual Power in East Timor
  459. East Timor Profile - Timeline
  460. East Timor: History, Independence, Flag, & Facts
  461. Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments
  462. The Curse that No Pakistan Ruler Has Ever Escaped
  463. Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan's Ex-president, Dies Aged 79
  464. Military Coups in Pakistan
  465. Major Islamist Militant Groups in Pakistan
  466. Pakistan's Domestic Political Setting
  467. Pakistan’s Narrative Problem
  468. Current Political Scenario in Pakistan
  469. Political Instability: A Case Study of Pakistan
  470. Pakistani Mullah Accused of Trying to Frame Young Girl in Blasphemy Case.
  471. U.S.-Pakistan Relations Are at a Crossroads
  472. Flooding in Pakistan: Overview and Issues for Congress
  473. Under Biden, Pakistan and the US Face a Dilemma About the Breadth of their Relationship
  474. Security and the Environment in Pakistan
  475. The Current Situation in Pakistan
  476. Pakistan and Russia Are Shaping New Era of Strategic Relationship
  477. Pakistan-Russia Relations and Its Importance in the Region
  478. History of Relationship Between Russia and Pakistan
  479. Pakistan's Capital Crisis: Implications for U.S. Policy
  480. Pakistan's Scheduled 2008 Election: Background
  481. Pakistan's Political Crises
  482. Pakistan: Key Current Issues and Developments
  483. Pakistan-U.S. Relations
  484. Pakistan: U.S.-Pakistan Relations
  485. Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance
  486. Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Aid Conditions, Restrictions, and Reporting Requirements
  487. Pakistan: Significant Recent Events, March 26 - June 21, 2007
  488. Major U.S. Arms Sales and Grants to Pakistan Since 2001
  489. Direct Overt U.S. Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2015
  490. Pakistan and Terrorism: A Summary
  491. Pakistan: Chronology of Recent Events
  492. Pakistan: A Political History and Its Military Strength
  493. Pakistan's Domestic Political Developments
  494. Pakistan-U.S. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation
  495. Nuclear Threat Reduction Measures for India and Pakistan
  496. Amnesty International to Cease Work in India, Citing Government Harassment
  497. Shared Honor Rekindles Hope for India-Pakistan Peace.
  498. As World Rebukes Russia, India Tries to Stay Above the Fray
  499. U.S. Charges Indian National in Alleged Murder-for-Hire Plot of Sikh Separatist
  500. U.S. Intelligence Officials Push India to Prosecute Those Behind Sikh Assassination plot in U.S.
  501. U.S. Indictment Alleges Multiple Indian Assassination Plots Across North America
  502. India Faces Questions About Another Reported Foreign Assassination Plot
  503. Canada and India Are Enmeshed in an Unprecedented Diplomatic Row. Here’s How It Happened
  504. Canada Is Seeking More Cooperation from India in Light of US Allegations
  505. Canada Has Indian Diplomats' Communications in Bombshell Murder Probe
  506. Western Intelligence Led to Canada Accusing India of Sikh Activist’s Assassination
  507. India: Arrests of Activists Politically Motivated
  508. India: End Bias in Prosecuting Delhi Violence
  509. World Report 2020: India | Human Rights Watch
  510. India: Growing Crackdown on Activists, Critics
  511. India: Mounting Human Rights Abuses
  512. Caste Discrimination in India
  513. U.S.-India Security Relations: Strategic Issues
  514. India - U.S. Security Relations: Current Engagement
  515. Social Issues in India
  516. India-China Dispute: The Border Row ...
  517. The Challenge of a Two-Front War: India’s China-Pakistan Dilemma
  518. Emerging Global Issues: The China-India Boundary Crisis and Its Implications
  519. China vs India: 16 Major Differences (Which is Better?)
  520. India’s Relations with China: The Good, the Bad and the (Potentially) Ugly
  521. Economic Impact of India-China Conflict: Why There Won't Be Just One Loser
  522. Social Problems in India and China - A Comparison
  523. India's Domestic Political Setting
  524. India–Russia Relations | Wikipedia
  525. India-Russia Relations
  526. Top Indian Diplomat Explains Russia’s Importance to India
  527. India-Russia Relations and Implications for U.S. Interests
  528. India - U.S. Economic and Trade Relations
  529. India - U.S. Economic Relations
  530. India: Chronology of Recent Events
  531. Indian Politics and Society Since Independence: Events, Processes and Ideology
  532. India: Domestic Issues, Strategic Dynamics, and U.S. Relations
  533. Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunamis: Food Aid Needs and the U.S. Response
  534. Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami: Humanitarian Assistance and Relief Operations
  535. Overview of Corruption and Anti-Corruption Efforts in India
  536. Political Governance System and Corruption in India
  537. Corruption in India.
  538. Corruption in India: A Violation of Human Rights Promoting Transparency and the Right to Good Governance
  539. Corruption in India: Bridging Research Evidence and Policy Options
  540. Corruption in India: Nature, Causes, Consequences and Cure
  541. Corruption in India: Bridging Research Evidence and Policy Options
  542. Human Rights and India's Struggle Against Corruption
  543. Understanding Political Corruption in Indian Politics
  544. Corruption in India: 'All Your Life You Pay for Things that Should Be Free'.
  545. U.S.-India Security Relations: Strategic Issues
  546. India and Canada Relations: The Long Road to Recovery
  547. India Shocked After Canada Removes Khalistan from Its Report on Terror Threats
  548. India-U.S. Security Relations: Current Engagement
  549. India: Society and Politics
  550. India's Domestic Political Setting
  551. India-U.S. Economic and Trade Relations
  552. India-U.S. Economic Relations
  553. A Sampling of Public Opinion in India
  554. India: Chronology of Recent Events
  555. Political Corruption In India
  556. Politics of India and Its Military Strength
  557. India: Domestic Issues, Strategic Dynamics, and U.S. Relations
  558. India - Government and Politics
  559. Indonesia: Domestic Politics, Strategic Dynamics, and American Interests
  560. Indonesia in ‘3D’. Development, Dictatorship and Democracy
  561. Indonesia-Russia Strategic Partnership in Southeast Asia Region
  562. Indonesian Elections
  563. As Russia Faces Colder Relations With West, Indonesia Opens a Door
  564. Russian-Indonesian Relations Grow Stronger Amid Geopolitical Instability
  565. Indonesia-Russia Relationship Increase in Various Fields
  566. Russia Indonesia Relations
  567. Corruption in Indonesia.
  568. Corruption Challenges Indonesia's Government.
  569. Indonesia: Domestic Politics, Strategic Dynamics, and American Interests
  570. Indonesia: 4 Years in Jail for Singing.
  571. Indonesia in ‘3D’. Development, Dictatorship and Democracy.
  572. Indonesia Executions: Brazil and Dutch Envoys Recalled.
  573. Indonesia’s Execution of Foreigners Prompts Diplomatic Storm.
  574. Politics in Indonesia: Resilient Elections, Defective Democracy
  575. Politics of Indonesia and Its Military Strength
  576. Mongolia: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report
  577. Mongolia: Politics and Protests in 2023
  578. Politics of Mongolia and Its Military Strength
  579. U.S. Relations With Mongolia
  580. In Mongolia, Proposed Legislation Endangers Civil Society
  581. Mongolia - Reform and the Birth of Democracy
  582. Political Culture of Mongolia: Tradition & Modernity
  583. Mongolia - Government and Society
  584. Mongolia: Issues for Congress
  585. Mongolia and U.S. Policy: Political and Economic Relations
  586. Nepal Politics and Its Military Strength
  587. Nepali Politics - 20 Mysterious Things Happened Ever in Politics of Nepal
  588. China Wades Into Nepal’s Political Crisis
  589. Politics of Nepal - Reasons Why People Hate Nepali Politicians
  590. Nepal: Political Developments and Bilateral Relations with the United States
  591. Nepal: Background and U.S. Relations
  592. The All-Natural Death of Sri Lanka
  593. Sri Lanka's Economic Crisis, Explained
  594. Sri Lanka Opposition Meets to Install New Gov't Amid Turmoil
  595. Sri Lanka’s President Has Not Surfaced After Report of Resignation
  596. Sri Lankan PM Agrees to Quit Amid Biggest Political Turmoil
  597. Turmoil in Sri Lanka as Thousands Protest
  598. Sri Lanka Protesters Break into President's House as Thousands Rally
  599. Sri Lanka: Justice Under Attack
  600. Sri Lanka Is in Chaos and Its President Has Fled
  601. Sri Lanka Extends State of Emergency as Police Round up Protest Leaders
  602. US, Sri Lanka Discuss Human Rights Issue
  603. Sri Lanka Seeks Negotiated Settlement with India
  604. Work Begins Railways Connecting North and South Korea.
  605. U.S.-South Korea Relations
  606. Politics of South Korea
  607. South Korean Politics
  608. Electoral Politics in South Korea
  609. After an Electoral Loss, Will South Korea's President Change His Policies
  610. The Politics of South Korea's 'China Threat'
  611. Liberal Forces Strengthen Grip on South Korean Politics
  612. Young South Korean Men Turn Against Moon Ahead of 2022
  613. Economic and Political Outline South Korea
  614. South Korea Politics & Policy and and Its Military Strength
  615. South Korea and Singapore: Economic and Political Freedom
  616. U.S. and South Korean Cooperation in the World Nuclear Energy Market: Major Policy Considerations
  617. Trade Promotion Authority and the Korea Free Trade Agreement
  618. Imports from North Korea: Existing Rules, Implications of the KORUS FTA, and the Kaesong Industrial Complex
  619. The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States
  620. Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement: Potential National Sector-Specific and State Export Effects
  621. The Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): Automobile Rules of Origin
  622. Dispute Settlement in the Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA)
  623. Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Potential Employment Effects: Analysis of Studies
  624. The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): Provisions and Implications
  625. The Proposed South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA)
  626. Korea - U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
  627. Non-Governmental Organizations' Activities in North Korea
  628. North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions
  629. Congress and U.S. Policy on North Korean Human Rights and Refugees: Recent Legislation and Implementation
  630. North Korea's Abduction of Japanese Citizens and the Six-Party Talks
  631. The Kaesong North-South Korean Industrial Complex
  632. North Korean Crime-for-Profit Activities
  633. Kim Jong-il's Death: Implications for North Korea's Stability and U.S. Policy
  634. North Korea: Back on the Terrorism List?
  635. North Korean Counterfeiting of U.S. Currency
  636. Foreign Assistance to North Korea
  637. U.S. Assistance to North Korea
  638. Drug Trafficking and North Korea: Issues for U.S. Policy
  639. The Problems of Human Rights in North Korea
  640. North Korea: Economic Leverage and Policy Analysis
  641. North Korea: A Chronology of Events, October 2002-December 2004
  642. North Korean Provocative Actions, 1950-2007
  643. North Korea: Economic Sanctions
  644. Korea: U.S.-Korean Relations -- Issues for Congress
  645. Understanding the North Korean Regime.
  646. North Korea Facts.
  647. World Report 2023: North Korea | Human Rights Watch
  648. The Collapse of North Korea: A Prospect to Celebrate or Fear?
  649. The North Korea Crisis and Regional Responses.
  650. Marked for Life: Songbun - Human Rights in North Korea
  651. Korea Ranks 39th in Global Corruption Index.
  652. Google Releases Detailed Map of North Korea, Gulags and All.
  653. Life Under Kim Jong Un
  654. North Korea: A Nation Built on Lies.
  655. Beijing Keeps Up Rhetoric Amid Regional Tension.
  656. Ahead of Key Court Ruling, Beijing in Propaganda Overdrive.
  657. American and Chinese Warships Narrowly Avoid High-Seas Collision.
  658. Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea.
  659. South China Sea Photos Suggest a Military Building Spree by Beijing.
  660. China, Vietnam, Philippines Collide Amid Escalating South China Sea Tensions.
  661. China Withdraws Oil Rig from Waters Disputed with Vietnam, but Warns It Could Return.
  662. China’s Rise and Asian Tensions Send U.S. Relations Into Downward Spiral.
  663. China Building Aircraft Runway in Disputed Spratly Islands.
  664. Vietnam-China Row Over South China Sea Plane Landing.
  665. The United States, China, and Taiwan: A Strategy to Prevent War
  666. G7 Warns China Not to 'Escalate Tensions' with Taiwan Amid Military Threats.
  667. Keep an Eye on Taiwan.
  668. U.S. Warns of China's Growing Threat to Taiwan.
  669. China Issues New Threats to Taiwan: ‘The Island’s Military Won’t Stand a Chance’.
  670. Is There a Solution to the China-Taiwan Quarrel?
  671. The Taiwan Question and Reunification of China
  672. The China-Taiwan Conflict - Ethics vs Economics
  673. China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities - Background and Issues for Congress
  674. The United States, China, and Taiwan: A Strategy to Prevent War.
  675. U.S.-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues
  676. Unpacking the China-Taiwan Relationship
  677. Managing the China-Taiwan Conflict: Preventing the Taiwan Strait From Becoming a Dire Strait
  678. Taiwan Voices Support for Uyghurs in China.
  679. Taiwan, USA Proceed with F-16V Deal.
  680. Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990
  681. Taiwan, Nationalism and Democratization.
  682. Taiwan: Political and Security Issues.
  683. Taiwan: A Risk Analysis through the Lens of Hong Kong.
  684. Taiwan and Diplomatic Allies.
  685. Taiwan's Democracy and the China Challenge.
  686. Taiwan: Recent Developments and US Policy Choices
  687. Taiwan, China, and United States Pivot
  688. Taiwan Elects Its First Female President; China Warns of 'Grave Challenges'
  689. Taiwan’s Presidential Election: What to Know.
  690. Taiwan's 2008 Presidential Election
  691. Taiwan's Political Status: Historical Background and Ongoing Implications
  692. Taiwan’s Ruling Democratic Progressive Party Wins Third Consecutive Presidential Term as Voters Dismiss China Warnings
  693. Taiwan-U.S. Relations: Developments and Policy Implications
  694. Taiwan Plans to Invest in Advanced Arms as China Flexes Its Muscles.
  695. Taiwan News and Reports | Rand.
  696. Taiwan’s New President Lai in His Inauguration Speech Urges China to Stop its Military Intimidation
  697. Taiwan’s New President Calls on China to Stop its ‘Intimidation’ After Being Sworn into Office
  698. In Taiwan, Views of Mainland China Mostly Negative.
  699. In Taiwan, Another Former President Is Sentenced to Prison.
  700. The Taiwan Issue and the Normalization of US-China Relations
  701. China-Taiwan Relations.
  702. China and Taiwan: A Future of Peace?
  703. China and Taiwan: A Really Simple Guide
  704. China and Taiwan: From Flashpoint to Redefining One China.
  705. China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: A Quantitative Assessment of Real and Financial Integration
  706. China/Taiwan: Evolution of the “One China” Policy—Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei.
  707. Tsai Ing-wen Elected Taiwan's First Female President
  708. Conflict of Law Rules Between China and Taiwan and Their Significance Significance.
  709. The Looming Taiwan Crisis.
  710. Rising Tension Between China and Taiwan, Explained
  711. The Economic Integration of Taiwan and China and Its Implications for Cross-strait Relations
  712. The Ambitious Dragon: Beijing’s Calculus for Invading Taiwan by 2030
  713. Security Implications of Taiwan's Presidential Election
  714. The Precarious Triangle: China, Taiwan, and United States.
  715. Biden Says US Does Not Support Taiwan’s Independence Following Election
  716. Ruling-Party's Lai Ching-te Wins Taiwan's Presidential Election.
  717. Political Status of Taiwan and Its Military Strength
  718. Understanding Beijing's Motives Regarding Taiwan, and America's Role
  719. Democratic Reforms in Taiwan: Issues for Congress
  720. ASEAN Finally Pushes Back on China's Sea Claims.
  721. International Court Issues Unanimous Award in Philippines v. China Case on South China Sea (7/12/2016).
  722. The Problems in the South China Sea.
  723. Weighing the Consequences of China's Control Over the South China Sea.
  724. South China Sea: The Dispute that Could Start a Military Conflict.
  725. South China Sea on Brink of War After World Warned 'China and US Planning for Conflict'.
  726. South China Sea Warning: China's Weapons 'Pointed at Enemies' Amid Conflict Fears.
  727. South China Sea Once Again Becomes a Dangerous Military Flashpoint.
  728. US UN Ambassador Pushes Back on Chinese South China Sea Claims
  729. US Could Attack China, Seize Disputed Islands in South China Sea.
  730. U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress
  731. US-China Cold War & The South China Sea.






  732. Everything You Need to Know About Human Rights in China
  733. China: The People’s Liberation Army Navy - New Capabilities and Missions for the 21st Century.
  734. China and the Mekong River Disputes: Can a New Framework Bring New Compromises?
  735. Is China Taking Advantage of COVID-19 to Pursue South China Sea Ambitions?
  736. Are China and Vietnam on the Verge of Another War?
  737. Beijing Advances 'Code of Conduct' for South China Sea
  738. Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea | CFR
  739. Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea | AF.edu
  740. China Criticizes US Sanctions over South China Sea Buildup
  741. US Sanctions Chinese Companies Over South China Sea
  742. South China Sea Dispute: China's Pursuit of Resources 'Unlawful', Says US
  743. China's Claims in South China Sea 'Completely Unlawful', Says US
  744. China, Vietnam, and the South China Sea: Disputes and Dispute Management
  745. Philippines, Taiwan, Malaysia Reject China's latest South China Sea Map
  746. Vietnam Joins ASEAN Neighbors in Denouncing Chinese Map
  747. Beijing Defiant as Vietnam, Taiwan Join Asian Countries in Rejecting China's New Map
  748. Vietnam, China Embroiled in South China Sea Standoff
  749. Vietnam Rebukes China, Philippines over South China Sea Conduct
  750. Vietnam’s Strange Ally in Its Fight With China
  751. Rough Waters Ahead for Vietnam-China Relations
  752. Vietnamese Protest an Opening for Chinese Territorial Interests.
  753. Vietnamese See Special Economic Zones as Assault from China.
  754. Biden to Sign Strategic Partnership Deal with Vietnam in Latest Bid to Counter China in the Region
  755. Has Vietnam Changed Its Tune on a Diplomatic Upgrade With the US?
  756. With Wary Eye on China, U.S. Moves Closer to Former Foe
  757. A Window of Opportunity to Upgrade US-Vietnam Relations | Brookings
  758. The US-Vietnam Relations in 2020 and Prospects in 2021
  759. Vietnam Human Rights Watch Report
  760. Formosa Steel Owns Up to Toxic Spill, Agrees to Pay Vietnam $500 Million
  761. Vietnam President Resigns Following Blame for Officials' 'Wrongdoing'
  762. Vietnam President Quits Amid Anti-corruption Drive
  763. Vietnam President Nguyen Xuan Phuc Quits Amid Communist Party Corruption Crackdown
  764. China Moves Controversial Oil Rig Back Towards Vietnam Coast (June 26, 2015).
  765. Xi Jinping Meets with Prime Minister of Vietnam Pham Minh Chinh
  766. US, Vietnam to Elevate Ties During Biden Visit, With Eye on China
  767. Vietnam Chases Secret Russian Arms Deal, Even as It Deepens U.S. Ties | The New York Times
  768. Analysis: Vietnam Shifts Gears on Arms Trade as It Loosens Ties with Russia
  769. U.S., Russia Vie to Sell Arms to Vietnam at First Hanoi Fair
  770. Vietnam Accuses Beijing of 'Seriously Violating' Sovereignty in South China Sea.
  771. Vietnamese Protest Amid Fear of Chinese Investment in Special Economic Zones.
  772. Vietnamese Woman Self-Immolates in Anti-China Protest.
  773. Vietnam Clamps Down On Anti-China Protests After Deadly Riots; China Sends Evacuation Ships.
  774. Vietnam's Anti-China Protests Reflect Grievances Far Beyond China's Rig in South China Sea.
  775. Chinese and Soviet Involvement in Vietnam
  776. China's Involvement in the Vietnam War, 1964–69.
  777. In 1979, China Was Crushed in a War with Vietnam. What Happened?
  778. Oil and Gas Fueling South China Sea Tensions.
  779. Anti-China Protests in Vietnam Set to Aggravate Tensions with China.
  780. Barbie Movie Gets Vietnam Ban Over South China Sea Map
  781. Vietnam Opposes Taiwanese Leader’s Visit to Truong Sa (Spratlys).
  782. A China-Vietnam Military Clash.
  783. Vietnam’s Hidden Debts to China Expose Its Political Risks.
  784. Achievements and Problems in Vietnam: China Relations from 1991 to the Present
  785. Vietnam and China – Challenges for the Current Relationship
  786. Chinese FDI in Vietnam: Trends, Status and Challenges
  787. China and Vietnam
  788. Is Vietnam Sliding Deeper Into Authoritarianism?.
  789. America and Vietnam: The Unending War
  790. Vietnam: Investigate Police Response to Mass Protests.
  791. Politics of Vietnam and Its Military Strength
  792. Vietnam Politics | The Diplomat
  793. The Truth About ‘Democracy’ in Vietnam Today.
  794. Facebook Bowed to Vietnam Government's Censorship Demands
  795. World Report 2021: Vietnam | Human Rights Watch.
  796. Vietnam: Rights Abuses in the Spotlight.
  797. Vietnam: Free Prominent Blogger | Human Rights Watch
  798. Vietnam Irked by 'Unsuitable' U.S. Prize for Jailed Dissident
  799. Vietnam: Release Journalist and Human Rights Defender Pham Doan Trang
  800. Viet Nam: Crackdown on Dissent Continues with ‘Egregious’ Nine-Year Sentence for Pham Doan Trang.
  801. Vietnam Upholds 9-year Jail Term for Dissident Journalist
  802. Vietnamese Activist Pham Doan Trang Sentenced to Nine Years in Jail
  803. Vietnam Jails Pham Doan Trang, Its 'Most Famous Activist' | The Washington Post
  804. Vietnam's Political Prisoners 'Suffer Inhumane Treatment'
  805. Vietnam Hands Down Long Jail Terms to 'Anti-State' Facebook Users
  806. Rights Lawyer Dang Dinh Manh to Defend Vietnamese Blogger in Anti-State Crimes Trial.
  807. Mother Mushroom: Vietnamese Blogger Released and Exiled
  808. Vietnam: Ex-Political Prisoner Faces New Charges
  809. Vietnamese Rights Activist Arrested in Hanoi, Charged Under Article 117
  810. Vietnamese Rights Activists - July 2021 Arrests Mark Turn for the Worse
  811. Harris Says She Urged Vietnam to Free Political Dissidents
  812. Vietnam: Torture, Forced Labor in Drug Detention.
  813. Forced Labor and Other Abuses in Drug Detention Centers in Southern Vietnam
  814. Communist Party of Vietnam Concludes Congress, Says Will Stick to Marxism-Leninism in Reforms.
  815. In Vietnam, Message of Equality Is Challenged by Widening Wealth Gap.
  816. Corruption in Vietnam.
  817. Vietnam’s Banks: Tiger Tamed.
  818. Is Thanh the Man? - A Scandal-Ridden Party Lashes Out at Dissent and Tries to Tackle Corruption.
  819. U.S.-Vietnam Economic and Trade Relations: Issues for the 112th Congress & the 111th Congress
  820. U.S.-Vietnam Relations in 2013: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy
  821. Strengthening the U.S.-Vietnam Comprehensive Partnership
  822. In Vietnam, Henry Kissinger Was Worse than a Fraud
  823. Henry Kissinger's Controversial Role in the Vietnam War
  824. Henry Kissinger and the Vietnam War
  825. The Dark Side of Henry Kissinger's Legacy: Secret Bombings During Vietnam War
  826. Henry Kissinger Begins Secret Negotiations with North Vietnamese
  827. Kissinger’s Legacy Still Ripples Through Vietnam and Cambodia
  828. U.S. Assistance to Vietnam
  829. U.S. Relations With Vietnam
  830. The Evolution of U.S.–Vietnam Ties
  831. U.S.-Vietnam Relations: Background and Issues for Congress
  832. The Vietnam-U.S. Normalization Process
  833. Vietnam PNTR Status and WTO Accession: Issues and Implications for the United States
  834. Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange and U.S.-Vietnam Relations
  835. The Lethal Legacy of the Vietnam War.
  836. Anti-War Movements, from Vietnam to Today
  837. Hundred Flowers in Vietnam: 1955-1957
  838. Nhân Văn–Giai Phẩm Affair | Wikipedia
  839. The War's Consequences.
  840. Battlefield: Vietnam.
  841. Vietnam War Fast Facts.
  842. Vietnam War Facts.
  843. Reflections on the Vietnam War.
  844. Vietnam War (1960 - 1975).
  845. Lessons Learned: The Tet Offensive.
  846. Vietnam War.
  847. The Psychological Effects of the Vietnam War.
  848. The Toxic Effects of Agent Orange Persist 51 Years After the Vietnam War.
  849. Generation Orange in Vietnam: Effects of Toxic Herbicide Sprayed by US Army 40 Years Ago.
  850. Trends in Southeast Asia.
  851. The Third Wave in East Asia: Comparative and Dynamic Perspectives.
  852. 3 Years on, a Look at the Rohingya Crisis
  853. 3 Reasons India Isn't the 'Next China'
  854. 4 Decades on, U.S. Starts Cleanup of Agent Orange in Vietnam.
  855. 27 Days of Hell: When China and Vietnam Went to War.
  856. 31 Problems and Issues of The Philippines About Politics.
  857. $4 billion 'Misappropriated' from Malaysia.
▷ Asia-Pacific: Australia, New Zealand & Pacific Islands
  1. Australia and U.S.-China Relations: Bandwagoned and Unbalancing
  2. Australia-China Relations: The Great Unravelling
  3. Australia's Relations with China: What's the Problem?
  4. A Look Back at Australia-China Tensions (2020)
  5. Contemporary Politics in Australia
  6. The Politics of the Australian Federal System.
  7. Australian Politics
  8. Australia: Background and U.S. Relations.
  9. Trends in Australian Political Opinion 1987-2019.
  10. Issues in Australian Foreign Policy (2015)
  11. Indigenous Affairs in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States of America, Norway and Sweden – Parliament of Australia
  12. Australia and New Zealand in the Asia Pacific
  13. Comparative Politics of Australia and New Zealand
  14. New Zealand Is a Five Eyes Outlier on China
  15. New Zealand’s Conflicted China Strategy
  16. New Chinese Immigration to New Zealand: Policies, Immigration Patterns, Mobility and Perception
  17. Australia, New Zealand Face China’s Influence
  18. New Zealand's-China Policy Building a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
  19. New Zealand Government and Politics
  20. New Zealand Politics
  21. New Zealand Politics | The Guardian
  22. New Zealand: U.S. Security Cooperation and the U.S. Rebalancing to Asia Strategy
  23. New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations with the United States
  24. Rivalry Between Australia and China in the Pacific Islands
  25. China, Pacific Islands Unable to Agree on Security Pact
  26. The Risks of China’s Ambitions in the South Pacific
  27. China's Ambition in the Pacific: Worldwide Geopolitical Issues
  28. China in Pacific Regional Politics
  29. China and the Geopolitics of the Pacific Islands
  30. The Pacific Islands in Chinese Geo‐strategic Thinking
  31. Some Pacific Island Nations Are Turning to China. Climate Change Is a Factor
  32. Perceiving China’s Influence in the Pacific: The Case of Solomon Islands
  33. A New Era for Japan and the Pacific Islands: The Tokyo Summit
  34. Evaluation of Japan’s Assistance for Pacific Island Countries
  35. The Problems and Potential of the Pacific Islands Forum
  36. Government and Public Policy in the Pacific Islands
  37. Political Parties in the Pacific Islands
  38. Instability in the Pacific Islands
  39. The Pacific Islands: Policy Issues
  40. Pacific Ways: Government and Politics in the Pacific Islands
  41. The Pacific Islands
  42. The Political, Security, and Climate Landscape in Oceania
▷ Asia: How, What, Who, Why
  1. How India Can Buy Russian Oil, ...
  2. How Does Corruption Shape Asia?
  3. How Dams and China’s Might Imperil the Mekong
  4. How an Oil Rig Sparked Anti-China Riots in Vietnam.
  5. How US and Taiwan Are Strengthening Military Ties Amid Rising China Tensions
  6. How Singapore Married Dictatorship with a Market Economy.
  7. How Generals Plot Together, in Myanmar and Thailand.
  8. How China Views the U.S. Withdrawal from Afghanistan
  9. How Can Communist Vietnam Be Friendlier to the US than China?
  10. How Facebook Censorship Helps Suppress Dissent in Vietnam.
  11. How Thailand Became the World’s Last Military Dictatorship.
  12. How Pro-Democracy Movement Gained ... Thai Protests
  13. How Many Military Coups Has Thailand Had? Is It the #1 Country for Coups D’état?.
  14. What We Know About the Shinzo Abe Assassination.
  15. What the Turmoil in Thailand Reveals About the Thai Monarchy
  16. What Really Happened in Vietnam?
  17. What Happened and What's Next After South China Sea Arbitration Ruling
  18. What Is Happening in Myanmar?.
  19. What Is Happening in Thailand?
  20. What Is Happening in Sri Lanka?
  21. What Is Happening in Pakistan’s Continuing Crisis?
  22. What Is Happening to the People of Myanmar - A Descent Back to Military Dictatorship?.
  23. What Is Behind Malaysia's '1MDB' Scandal?.
  24. What Is Behind China and Vietnam's Latest Standoff in South China Sea.
  25. What Are the Social Issues in the Philippines?
  26. What Does Vietnam Want from the US in the South China Sea?
  27. What Does Beijing Want from the Pacific Islands?
  28. What Caused Sri Lanka's Economic Collapse?
  29. What You Need to Know About China-Taiwan Tensions
  30. What Forces Are Fueling Myanmar's Rohingya Crisis?
  31. What Afghans Want the Rest of the World to Know
  32. What Myanmar's Coup Means for China
  33. What Filipinos Think of Philippine President Duterte.
  34. What You Need to Know About China-Taiwan Tensions
  35. What US Agents Knew Before a Sikh Separatist Was Killed in Canada
  36. Why China and Vietnam Can't Stop Clashing With Each Other.
  37. Who Is Lashkar-e-Jhangvi?
  38. Why the U.S Went to war in Vietnam
  39. Who Is the New Leader of Islamic State-Khorasan Province?
  40. Why Bangladeshi Politics Is Man′s Domain
  41. Why Bangladesh's Politics Are Broken
  42. Why Thailand's New Military-Monarchy Alliance Is a Bad Sign
  43. Why Are Thai Students Protesting?
  44. Why Does Thailand Have So Many Coups?
  45. Why a New Generation of Thais Are Protesting Against the Government
  46. Why Are Thailand's Citizens Protesting Against Their Government and Monarchy?
  47. Why Thailand's Pro-democracy Protests Are Spreading Beyond the Campus
  48. Why Did the 3 Finger Salute Become the Symbol for Thai Protesters?
  49. Why Are Thai People Protesting and What Is the Significance?
  50. Why One Party Dominates Singapore Politics
  51. Why China Supports Burma’s Dictators
  52. Why People Are Protesting and the Military Is Killing Peaceful Protesters in Myanmar
  53. Why US Friends India and UAE Won't Back Biden Against Russia on Ukraine
  54. Why India Is Not Criticizing Russia over Ukraine Invasion
  55. Why India Is Buying More Russian Oil during Ukraine Crisis
  56. Why India Isn’t Denouncing Russia’s Ukraine War
  57. Why India Does Not Want to Buy Most Advanced 'Stealth' F-35 Aircraft?
  58. Why India and Russia Will Be Best Friends Forever
  59. Why India’s Relationship With Russia Is So Special
  60. Why India and Russia Are Going to Stay Friends
  61. Why India Has Been Soft on Russia Over Ukraine
  62. Why Russia Is Getting Closer to Pakistan and Abandoning India?
  63. Why India Abstained on UN Vote Against Russia
  64. Why Has East Timor Built the Strongest Democracy in Southeast Asia?
  65. Why Have Southeast Asian Governments Stayed Silent Over Ukraine?
  66. Why These Nations, India, China, United Arab Emirates, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, Won't Criticize Russia's Invasion and Won't Support Ukraine
  67. Why Myanmar’s Desperate Generals Executed Prominent Pro-Democracy Figures
  68. Why Australia’s Chief Spy Rebuked Its Prime Minister Over China
  69. Why China Is Challenging Australia for Influence over the Pacific Islands
  70. Why Afghanistan Is Still the Worst Place to Be a Woman
  71. Why the Military Intervened in Bangladesh Politics
  72. Why Japan Is Gearing Up for Possible War With China Over Taiwan
  73. Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense
  74. Why China Can't Let Laos Default
▷ China - Hong Kong - Macau - Tibet - Xinjiang (Uighur)
  1. Protest and Dissent in China
  2. Growing Pains: Challenges for a Rising China
  3. The Future of China | IMF
  4. The Elements of the China Challenge
  5. Lee Meng-chu: Taiwan Businessman Accused of Spying in China Is Freed (After Holding for 1,400 days in China for Taking Photos)
  6. Woman in China Learned About Her Husband's Secret Identity After Police Grabbed Him
  7. Dissidents in China Detained and Harassed as Beijing Prepares for Party Congress
  8. To China’s Fury, UN Accuses Beijing of Uyghur Rights Abuses
  9. To Understand China’s Aggressive Foreign Policy, Look at Its Domestic Politics
  10. OHCHR Assessment of Human Rights Concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
  11. Fury at UN Human Rights Chief Over ‘Whitewash’ of Uyghur Repression
  12. EU, US, UK, Canada Target China Officials over Uyghur Abuses
  13. The Geopolitics of China
  14. Biden Warns Xi of Global Backlash if China Helps Russia's Attack on Ukraine
  15. Russia and China: Axis of Revisionists?
  16. Russia and China Are Leading A New ‘World Order,’ Russian Foreign Minister Says
  17. Russia and China
  18. Russia Highlights China's Support as Its Forces Retreat in Ukraine
  19. Is China Stepping Up Its Support for Russia?
  20. Year of War in Ukraine Tests China’s ‘No Limits’ Relationship with Russia
  21. Xi’s Power Is Cracking Under the Pressure of China’s ‘Polycrisis’
  22. Xi Jinping's Grip on Power in China Is Still Strong
  23. Xi Jinping Says China to Become Dominant World Power Within 30 Years
  24. Xi Jinping Has Been Good for China’s Communist Party;< Less so for China/li>
  25. Xi Jinping and the Party’s “Guiding Ideology”
  26. Xi Jinping Cements Grip on Power With Third Term with China's New Politburo Standing Committee
  27. A Chronology of Dissent in China in Recent Decades
  28. Protest and Dissent in China
  29. Human Rights in China - China’s Global Threat to Human Rights (2020)
  30. The Perfect Dictatorship China in the 21st Century
  31. The Elements of the China Challenge
  32. From Competition to Confrontation with China: The Major Shift in U.S. Policy
  33. World Report 2020: China’s Global Threat to Human Rights
  34. Freedom of Expression in China: A Privilege, Not a Right
  35. The Damaging Dictatorship of Xi Jinping
  36. Facing Up to the China Threat
  37. Penal System in China
  38. Is China Totalitarian?
  39. 'Setback for the Free World': EU Deal with China Draws Criticism
  40. Partial Decoupling from China
  41. Independent UK Body Says China Committed Genocide Against Uighurs in Xinjiang
  42. Surviving the Crackdown in Xinjiang
  43. Break Their Roots: Evidence for China’s Parent-Child Separation Campaign in Xinjiang
  44. China's Xi Jinping Consolidates Power With New Ideology
  45. China Steps Up Intimidation, Harassment of Chinese Dissidents in US
  46. China’s Uyghur Abuses ‘May Constitute Crimes Against Humanity,’ UN Finds
  47. China: World Report 2023 - 2022 - 2021
    48. | Human Rights Watch
  48. China: Social Issues in China
  49. China Is About to Make a Big Mistake by Supporting Russia
  50. China Will Support Russia on Security, Xi Tells Putin in Birthday Call
  51. China Pounces on Russia's Ukraine Invasion to Launch Propaganda Blitz
  52. China's Promotion of Russian Disinformation Indicates Where Its Loyalties Lie
  53. China’s Ukraine Crisis
  54. China Took Her Husband. She Was Left to Uncover His Secret Cause
  55. China Tightens Xi Jinping's Powers Against the West With New Law
  56. China's Loans Pushing World’s Poorest Countries to Brink of Collapse
  57. China's Xi Jinping 'More Dangerous' Than Putin: 'Not Even Close,' Says Pompeo
  58. China and the ‘Prisoner’s Dilemma’
  59. China Sentences a U.S. Citizen to Life in Prison for Espionage
  60. China Sentences 78-year-old US Citizen to Life in Prison for Espionage
  61. China's Xi Accuses Washington of Trying to Block Its Development
  62. China Protests As US Fighter Jets Shoot Down Suspected Spy Balloon
  63. China’s Anger Over Downed Balloon Shows Xi’s Challenges
  64. China Finds Itself With Limited Options After U.S. Shoots Down Balloon
  65. China COVID: Protests Erupt in Unprecedented Challenge to Xi Jinping's Zero-Covid Policy
  66. China COVID Protests: Authorities Call for Crackdown on ‘Hostile Forces’
  67. China Threatens Crackdown on ‘Hostile Forces’ as COVID Protests Continue
  68. China Could have 1,500 Nuclear Warheads by 2035: Pentagon Report
  69. China's Lockdown Protests and Rising COVID Leave Xi Jinping With '2 Bad Options'
  70. China Poses 'Existential' Threat to Human Rights: Report | Time
  71. China Blocks UN Condemnation of Myanmar Coup as Protest Grows
  72. China's Vision for a New World Order
  73. China Has Two Paths to Global Domination
  74. China Has 1 Trillion Reasons to Pray Trump Is Defeated.
  75. China’s ‘Manipulation’ of Mekong Is an ‘Urgent Challenge’ for Southeast Asia.
  76. China's Drain on Mekong
  77. China Committed Genocide Against Uyghurs, Independent Tribunal Rules
  78. China, Genocide and the Olympics
  79. China: Business and Human Rights
  80. China Primer: Uyghurs
  81. China Targets Prominent Uighur Intellectuals to Erase an Ethnic Identity.
  82. China Is Expanding Detention Sites in Muslim Region of ....
  83. China Has Built 380 Internment Camps in Xinjiang.
  84. China Defends Uighur 'Education Centres'
  85. China Bans Beards and Veils in Xinjiang
  86. China's Systematic Tracking, Arrests of Uighurs Exposed in New Xinjiang Leak
  87. China Rebuked by 22 Nations Over Xinjiang Repression.
  88. China Guilty of Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity Against Uyghurs, Watchdog Finds
  89. China Is Brainwashing Uighur Children.
  90. China's Surveillance State: An Open-air Prison in Xinjiang
  91. China Launches "Terrorism" Crackdown After Xinjiang Region Attack.
  92. China’s Own Documents Show Potentially Genocidal Sterilization Plans in Xinjiang.
  93. China Committing 'Crimes Against Humanity' in Xinjiang: Report
  94. China: Xinjiang Official Figures Reveal Higher Prisoner Count
  95. China's 'Re-Education Camps' Where Women Are 'Raped and Sterilised'
  96. China's 'Re-Education' / Concentration Camps in Xinjiang, China.
  97. "China's Treatment of Uighurs Is Cultural Genocide
  98. China Created a New Terrorist Threat by Repressing This Ethnic Minority
  99. "China's Attacks on Uighur Women Are Crimes Against Humanity
  100. China Putting Minority Muslims in 'Concentration Camps'
  101. China Cuts Uighur Births with IUDs, Abortion, Sterilization.
  102. China Suppression of Uighur Minorities Meets U.N. Definition of Genocide, Report Says
  103. China's Repression of Uighur Muslims: Concentration Camps.
  104. China's Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang.
  105. China's Repression and Internment of Uyghurs.
  106. China Uighurs: Xinjiang Legalises 'Re-education' Camps.
  107. China Locks Up Ethnic Minorities in Camps.
  108. China in Darkest Period for Human Rights Since Tiananmen, says Rights Group
  109. China: Baseless Imprisonments Surge in Xinjiang
  110. China Accuses UK of Protecting ‘Fugitives’ After Bounty Put on Hong Kong Democracy Activists
  111. China Plans Overhaul of Hong Kong's Elections
  112. China Is 'Trampling on Hong Kong's Democracy'
  113. China’s National Security Law for Hong Kong: Issues for U.S. Congress
  114. China Uses Hong Kong Security Law Against US and UK ...
  115. China's National Security Law for Hong Kong, Explained.
  116. China Passes National Security Law for Hong Kong | Time
  117. China Is Making Support for Democracy a Crime in Hong Kong
  118. China Calls Hong Kong Protesters a 'Political Virus'
  119. China: New Hong Kong Law a Roadmap for Repression
  120. China, Hong Kong, and the Future of Human Rights
  121. China v Jimmy Lai: A Tycoon, a Trial and the Erosion of Hong Kong’s Rule of Law
  122. China Transformed Hong Kong into a Typical Mainland City.
  123. China's Policies Toward Hong Kong and Taiwan Are Driving a Slow Motion Catastrophe
  124. China's Relations With Hong Kong and Taiwan
  125. China's Choice: Hong Kong Names a New Leader.
  126. China’s Campaign to Crush Democracy in Hong Kong Is Working
  127. China's Internet Firewall Censors Hong Kong Protest News.
  128. China's Underground Bank Crackdown Risks Headaches in Hong Kong.
  129. China's Great Firewall Descends on Hong Kong Internet Users
  130. China's Crackdown in Hong Kong.
  131. China Sentences Hong Kong Journalists to up to 5 years in Prison.
  132. China to Impose Sweeping National Security Law in Hong Kong
  133. China Bringing Xinjiang-Style Forced Labor Camps to Tibet ...
  134. China 'Coercing' Thousands of Tibetans into Mass Labour Camps.
  135. China Reportedly Forced 500K Tibetan Farmers into Labor Camps.
  136. China Sending Tibetans to Military-Style Labor Training Camps.
  137. China Sharply Expands Mass Labor Program in Tibet.
  138. China's Ambitions and Chinese Anxieties.
  139. China Tries to Forget, But Its War with Vietnam Ended with ...
  140. China's Expanding Strategic Ambitions.
  141. China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy.
  142. One Country, One Censor: How China Undermines Media ....
  143. China Argues Over How Much Corruption Is Best.
  144. China’s Cultural Revolution, Explained.
  145. China's Ambition in the Pacific: Worldwide Geopolitical Issues.
  146. China Inclusive Human Rights Report
  147. China | Human Rights Watch.
  148. China's Bloody Century.
  149. China Is Guilty of Mass Genocide Against 1.2 Million People of Tibet
  150. China: Hong Kong Residents Are "Dogs and Thieves".
  151. China, India Standoff More than a War over Rocks.
  152. China: Minority Exclusion, Marginalization and Rising Tensions.
  153. China Military Power Report.
  154. China Military Power.
  155. China: Health, Poverty, and Economic Development
  156. China's Foreign Aid Activities in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia
  157. China's Attack on Human Rights and the Rule of Law.
  158. China Politics & Policy.
  159. China Naval Modernization.
  160. China Forcefully Harvests Organs from Detainees, Tribunal Concludes
  161. China's Space Program: Options for U.S.-China Cooperation
  162. China's Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Policies
  163. China's "Hot Money" Problems
  164. China's Foreign Policy: What Does It Mean for U.S. Global Interests?
  165. China's Foreign Policy and "Soft Power" in South America, Asia, and Africa
  166. China's Sovereign Wealth Fund
  167. China's Currency: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy
  168. China's "Soft Power" in Southeast Asia
  169. China's 17th Communist Party Congress, 2007: Leadership and Policy Implications
  170. China Must Pay for Its Brutal Human Rights Record.
  171. China: Citizens Monitored With Police App
  172. China: 'Deepfake' App Sparks Privacy Concerns
  173. China's All-Seeing Surveillance State Is Reading Its Citizens
  174. China: Is Your Face on a Watch List?
  175. China Social Mmedia: WeChat and the Surveillance State.
  176. China to Curb Facial Recognition and Apps in Schools.
  177. China’s Algorithms of Repression.
  178. China’s Censors Denounced in Online Attack.
  179. China's Corruption Crackdown: Progress or Politics?
  180. China Pulls out of UN Process Over Territorial Dispute with Philippines.
  181. China: Reforms Under Deng Xiaoping
  182. China: Surviving the Camps
  183. China Struggles to Bridge Gap Between Rich, Poor.
  184. China Cracks Down on Christians at Outdoor Service
  185. China Arrests Dissident as Crackdown Continues
  186. China-U.S. Trade Issues
  187. China-US Relations in the Eyes of the Chinese Communist Party
  188. China's Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States
  189. China's Political Institutions and Leaders in Charts
  190. China's Holdings of U.S. Securities: Implications for the U.S. Economy
  191. China in My Life — A Personal Journey: The 1980s
  192. China's Currency Policy: An Analysis of the Economic Issues
  193. China's Vice President Xi Jinping Visits the United States: What Is at Stake?
  194. China’s Global Threat to Human Rights
  195. China Responsible for ‘Serious Human Rights Violations’ in Xinjiang Province: UN Human Rights Report
  196. China to Close Notorious Re-education-Through-Labor Camps.
  197. China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy
  198. China's Corrupt Food Chain.
  199. China Is Doubling Down on Its Territorial Claims ...
  200. China Attacks VPNs, Cutting Business off from Internet.
  201. China: Liu Xiaobo and Liu Xiaobo's Famous Opinion.
  202. China Conducting Mass Sterilization on Muslim Minorities that Could Amount to Renocide: Report
  203. China Since 1949, the Mao Years and Post-Mao China
  204. China: Trade, Politics & Culture 1793-1980
  205. China - Life Expectancy at Birth
  206. China's Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Policies
  207. China's Space Program: An Overview
  208. China's Anti-Satellite Weapon Test
  209. China's Trade with the United States and the World
  210. China's Growing Interest in Latin America
  211. China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States
  212. China and the United States: From Hostility to Engagement
  213. China-U.S. Relations During the 108th Congress
  214. China's Foreign Conventional Arms Acquisitions: Background and Analysis
  215. China-U.S. Aircraft Collision Incident of April 2001: Assessments and Policy Implications
  216. China Has Tried to Erase the Tiananmen Crackdown, But in the Work of Dissident Artists, It Lives on.
  217. China-North Korea Relations
  218. China's Sovereign Wealth Fund: Developments and Policy Implications
  219. China's Steel Industry and Its Impact on the United States: Issues for Congress
  220. China and the United States - A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies
  221. China's Assistance and Government-Sponsored Investment Activities in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia
  222. China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy
  223. China and the Global Financial Crisis: Implications for the United States
  224. China's Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction | IMF
  225. China's Rare Earth Industry and Export Regime: Economic and Trade Implications for the United States
  226. China's Democide and War and Bloody Century | University of Hawaii.
  227. China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy
  228. China Inclusive 2019 Human Rights Report
  229. China Inclusive Human Rights Report.
  230. China's Banking System: Issues for Congress
  231. China - After Mao Zedong
  232. China's Ultimate Hypocrisy Is the Killing of Its Own People
  233. China's Communist Party Congress: A Really Simple Guide
  234. The Chinese Communist Party
  235. The Chinese Communist Party: 100 Years that Shook the World
  236. The Chinese Communist Party's Ideology and Global Ambitions.
  237. The Chinese Communist Party’s Plot to Destroy America and a Company's Fight to Keep USA Strong
  238. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s Widespread Persecution in China: Prevalence of Political and Religious Prisoners in China, and Recommendations to Hold the CCP Accountable
  239. Chinese Journalist Jailed for 'Sharing Secrets'.
  240. Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei Held for 'Economic Crimes'
  241. Chinese Website Publishes, then Pulls, Explosive Letter Calling for President Xi’s Resignation.
  242. Chinese Politics, Economy, and Rule of Law.
  243. Chinese Tortured Hong Kong Activist for Messi Photo Sending to Liu Xiaobo's Window.
  244. Chinese Virologist Accuses Beijing of Coronavirus Cover-up, Flees Hong Kong
  245. Chinese Court Sentences 10 Hong Kong Democracy Activists
  246. Chinese Consulate in Houston Closed Following US Order.
  247. Chinese Homicide Law, Irrationality, and Incremental Change.
  248. Chinese Communist Dictatorship Shuts Down Last Opposition Newspaper in Hong Kong
  249. Chinese Official Said 10,000 Died in 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests
  250. Chinese Newspaper Breaks Silence on Cultural Revolution.
  251. Leaked Files Claim to Reveal Details of China's Muslim Camps
  252. Revealed: New Videos Expose China’s Forced Migration of Uyghurs During the Pandemic
  253. More Evidence of China's Horrific Abuses in Xinjiang
  254. The Pain of a Nation: The Invisibility of Uyghurs in China Proper.
  255. Making States, Displacing Peoples - A Comparative Perspective of Xinjiang and Tibet in China.
  256. The Muslim Emperor of China.
  257. Supply Chains Associated with Human Rights Abuses in China's Western Xinjiang Province
  258. Devastating Blows: Religious Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang
  259. New Evidence of China's Arbitrary Oppression of the Uighurs
  260. ‘Absolutely No Mercy’: Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims
  261. Beijing's Treatment of Muslim Minorities.
  262. Beijing Demands Hong Kong Consulates Hand Over Local Staff Data
  263. Beijing Won Total Control over Hong Kong. Now, the ‘Brainwashing’ Begins.
  264. ‘Cultural Genocide’: China Separating Thousands of Muslim Children from Parents for ‘Thought Education’
  265. Xinjiang Internment Camps.
  266. Xinjiang: Large Numbers of New Detention Camps Uncovered ...
  267. Xinjiang: China's Muslim Camp Spending 'Revealed'.
  268. Xinjiang Re-education Camps.
  269. XinjiangPolice Open Fire at Protest Against Clampdown on Islamic Dress.
  270. The Xinjiang-Uyghur Issue
  271. The Xinjiang Problem
  272. The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur Identity, Language Policy, and Political Discourse
  273. Uighurs: 'Credible Case' China Carrying out Genocide | BBC
  274. Uyghur Genocide (in China)
  275. Uighurs in Xinjiang: A General Assessment of the Roots of Unrest.
  276. Uighur Camp Detainees Allege Systematic Rape
  277. Uighur Woman Living in France Speaks out About Alleged Chinese ‘Re-Education’ Camp Horrors
  278. Uyghur Tribunal: China Commits Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity and Torture Against the Uyghurs
  279. 'Illegal Superstition': China Jails Muslims for Practicing Islam.
  280. Nationalism, Tibetans and Uighurs in Today's China.
  281. From Cover-up to Propaganda Blitz: China's Attempts to Control the Narrative on Xinjiang
  282. Human Rights in China
  283. Ethnic Issues in China.
  284. OHCHR Assessment of Human Rights Concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
  285. Global Supply Chains, Forced Labor, and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
  286. Combating Human Rights Abuses in Xinjiang
  287. Surviving the Crackdown in Xinjiang
  288. People in China Left Wondering, 'What Happened in Xinjiang?'
  289. Responding to the Crisis in Xinjiang
  290. Against Their Will: The Situation in Xinjiang
  291. Nike Statement on Xinjiang
  292. Fact Check: Lies on Xinjiang-related Issues vs. the Truth
  293. Understanding China's 'Preventive Repression' in Xinjiang
  294. As Genocide Accusations Grow, China Hits Back
  295. 'Their Goal Is to Destroy Everyone': Uighur Camp Detainees Allege Systematic Rape
  296. A Chinese Citizen Journalist Who Shined a Light on Wuhan's Plight May Die in Prison in China
  297. Responding to the Crisis in Xinjiang.
  298. ‘Absolutely No Mercy’: Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims
  299. Case Study of the Uyghur Muslims in China.
  300. UN Inaction on China Abuses 'Huge Disappointment': Uyghur Campaigner
  301. The Long Shadow of Xinjiang: Anger Grows in Muslim Countries at China’s Treatment of the Uighurs.
  302. Is the World Watching as China Brutally Suppresses the Freedom of Uighurs and Tibetans?.
  303. A Comparison of China's Ethnicity Policies in Xinjiang and Tibet.
  304. Religious Minorities and China.
  305. We Must Stand up to China's Abuse of Its Muslim Minorities
  306. Most Americans Support Tough Stance Toward China on Human Rights, Economic Issues
  307. 'Fundamentally at Odds': Blinken, China Meeting Got Heated in Alaska
  308. World Report 2020: China's Global Threat to Human Rights
  309. Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin
  310. Dam Projects and Disputes in the Mekong River Basin
  311. The Mekong and the Water Politics of China and Southeast Asia
  312. Dams in China Turn the Mekong into a River of Discord
  313. UN Human Rights Committee Issues Findings on Hong Kong, Macao, ...
  314. Minnie Chan: Media Groups Raise Concerns Following Report of ‘Missing’ Hong Kong Journalist in China
  315. MPs Call for Sanctions on Hong Kong Officials Targeting UK-Based Activists
  316. Daughter of Hong Kong Exiled Activist Detained by National Security Police
  317. Wanted Hong Kong Activist's Relatives Taken for Questioning by Police
  318. Police in Hong Kong Raid Family Home of UK-Based Exile Nathan Law
  319. Agnes Chow: Hong Kong Democracy Activist Reveals She Has Moved to Canada and Plans to Skip Bail
  320. National Security Trial Opens in Hong Kong for Prominent Publisher Jimmy Lai
  321. Arrested in 2020, Hong Kong Pro-Democracy Tycoon Gets His Day in Court
  322. Photos: 1 Year On, Tumult of Hong Kong Protests Echoes | AP
  323. Beneath the Calm, Hong Kong's New Security Law Drives Deeper, Quieter Changes
  324. Hong Kong Court Convicts 1 Person and Acquits 6 Others in Landmark Terrorism Trial
  325. Hong Kong: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report
  326. Hong Kong Denies Entry to Press Freedom Advocate
  327. Hong Kong: Jimmy Lai's Trial Highlights Rule of Law Concerns
  328. Hong Kong Journalist Vanished After Assignment in Beijing
  329. Hong Kong Arrests 3 Activists Under National Security Law
  330. Hong Kong Arrests 53 Activists Under National Security Law
  331. Hong Kong Arrest 53, Including U.S. Citizen, in Massive National Security Law Sweep
  332. Hong Kong Arrest 5 for Allegedly Aiding Dissidents Abroad
  333. Hong Kong Police Arrest 45 in Clashes.
  334. Hong Kong Police Charged 47 Democracy Activists Under Hong Kong 'Subversion' Law
  335. Hong Kong Police Raid Homes of Relatives of Two Exiled Activists
  336. Hong Kong Police Widen Questioning of Relatives of Wanted Activists
  337. Hong Kong Police Condemned for Issuing Cash Bounty for Exiled Democracy Activists
  338. Hong Kong Police Fire Tear Gas as Protesters Decry China Security Law Plan
  339. Hong Kong National Security Police Issue HK$1 Million Bounty Each for 8 Self-Exiled Activists
  340. Hong Kong: Activist Will 'Never Back Down' Despite Bounty on Her Head (video)
  341. Hong Kong and China: One Country, Two Systems, Two Identities
  342. Hong Kong Unrecognizable, UN Rights Chief Visit, Search Engines Manipulated Globally
  343. Hong Kong Security Law: Chinese "Dictatorship"?
  344. Hong Kong Passes Second National Security Law (Article 23) Aligning City More Closely With China
  345. Hong Kong Government Seeks Court Injunction to Ban Protest Anthem "Glory to Hong Kong"
  346. Hong Kong in the Shadow of China: Living with the Leviathan
  347. Hong Kong Questions More Families of Wanted Activists
  348. Hong Kong Universities in the Shadow of the National Security Law
  349. Hong Kong's Future on Edge: Countering China’s National Security Law
  350. Hong Kong and Taiwan Are Bonding Over China
  351. Hong Kong, Xinjiang and the Insecurity of China's Leadership
  352. Hong Kong: Children’s Book Authors Convicted
  353. Hong Kong Deems Children’s Books About Sheep ‘Seditious’
  354. Hong Kong Judge Finds Five Guilty over Children's Books
  355. Hong Kong: The Rise and Fall of “One Country, Two Systems”
  356. Hong Kong Falls Off the Economic Freedom Index
  357. Hong Kong Dumped from Economic Freedom List It Had Used to Dominate
  358. Hong Kong Democracy Leaders Given Jail Terms Amid Crackdown
  359. Hong Kong Democracy Backers Win Big as Voters Flock to Polls.
  360. Hong Kong Pro-Democracy Lawmakers Resign After China Ruling
  361. Hong Kong Pro-democracy Lawmakers Resign en Masse.
  362. Hong Kong Security Law: Life Sentences for Breaking China Imposed Laws
  363. Hong Kong: Mass Arrests of Pro-Democracy Politicians
  364. Hong Kong vs. Mainland China: Understanding the Differences
  365. Hong Kong Teacher Removed for 'Unlawful' Lesson.
  366. Hong Kong, Changed Overnight, Navigates Its New Reality.
  367. Hong Kong Postpones Elections for a Year 'Over Virus Concerns!'.
  368. Hong Kong Is Setting Up a Postponed Election Without a Real Opposition.
  369. Hong Kong Issues Arrest Warrant for US Citizen ...
  370. Hong Kong Politics
  371. Hong Kong: Key Issues
  372. Hong Kong Policy Act Reports: 2024 - 2023 - 2022 - 2021
  373. Hong Kong SAR, China’s Story
  374. Hong Kong: Recent Developments and U.S. Relations
  375. Hong Kong: The Canary in the Coal Mine
  376. Hong Kong Financial Sector Assessment Program | IMF
  377. Hong Kong vs. Mainland China: Differences Explained
  378. Hong Kong: A Brief Overview of the Modern Slavery Bill
  379. Hong Kong Voters Turn Out for Biggest Election in City's History.
  380. Hong Kong Being Watched 'Closely' Over Activist Arrests, Says UN.
  381. Hong Kong Protests Continue ...
  382. Hong Kong: Protest Leader Agnes Chow Jumps Bail
  383. Hong Kong Protests: Students Boycott Class on First Day Back.
  384. Hong Kong Protesters Adapt Signs, Slogans to Skirt New Law
  385. Hong Kong Protester 'Grandma Wong': I Was Held in Mainland for 14 Months
  386. Hong Kong Elections (Nov 24, 2019): Pro-Democracy Group Makes Big Gains.
  387. Hong Kong Government Vows to Probe Alleged Police Beating at Protest (Photos).
  388. Hong Kong Mass Arrests Crush Opposition as China Tightens Control
  389. Hong Kong Police Clear Protesters Out of Tunnel.
  390. Hong Kong’s Strategic Importance Under Chinese Sovereignty
  391. Hong Kong Chief Says Protesters Are Making ‘Impossible’ Demands: "Freedom!"
  392. Hong Kong: Ten Years After the Handover
  393. Hong Kong and the Transfer to China: Issues and Prospects
  394. Hong Kong and China: One Country, Two Systems, Two Identities
  395. Hong Kong: Missing Truth, Missing Justice
  396. Hong Kong Between the U.S. and China
  397. Hong Kong in the Shadow of China: Living with the Leviathan
  398. Hong Kong Bookseller Sentenced by China to 10 Years for Passing 'Intelligence'
  399. Hong Kong Young People Struggle to Rebuild Their Lives After Being Jailed Under Beijing's Crackdown
  400. Hong Kong Police Arrest over 50 Opposition Figures, including American Lawyer, in National Security Crackdown
  401. Hong Kong: Freedom in the World Country Reports: 2024 - 2023 - 2022 - 2021
  402. Hong Kong 2023 Human Right Report
  403. Hong Kong Human Rights Report 2023 | hkchr.org
  404. Human Rights in Hong Kong
  405. National Security Law: Hong Kong Rounds up 53 Pro-democracy Activists
  406. Politics of Hong Kong
  407. The Six-monthly Report on Hong Kong: 1 January to 30 June 2023
  408. The Tale of Hong Kong: From Freedom to Crackdown
  409. The Jarring Reality Hong Kong's Dissidents See from Jail
  410. Antisemitism Surges Online, Asian Games Censorship, Hong Kong Protester Arrests
  411. Dictatorship and Responsibility in Hong Kong
  412. Violent Clashes Between Police and Demonstrators Erupt in Hong Kong.
  413. Gov't Seeks to Ban Protest Song 'Glory to Hong Kong', Including from Internet
  414. The U.S President's Executive Order on Hong Kong Normalization
  415. US Criticises China's Hong Kong Move, Set to Raise
  416. As China Pushes in, Hong Kong’s First Ethnic Minority Social Worker Wants a Future for Everyone
  417. Nearly Half of Foreign Businesses in Hong Kong Are Planning to Relocate
  418. The Mainland Chinese Left in the Shadow of Hong Kong's Democracy Movement
  419. Understanding the Relationship Between Hong Kong and China
  420. Demonstrations Mark Second Anniversary of Hong Kong
  421. Pillar of Shame Commemorating Tiananmen Crackdown Faces Removal in Hong Kong
  422. Mainland China and Hong Kong - IPOs and other Market Trends Review (2020)
  423. Six-Monthly Report on Hong Kong 1 July to 31 December 2020
  424. Close Loopholes So Only 'Patriots' Can Run Hong Kong
  425. CCP's Police State in Hong Kong
  426. Outspoken Hong Kong Publisher and China Critic Jimmy Lai Is Arrested
  427. Missing Hong Kong Protester Alexandra Wong 'Was Held in Mainland China'.
  428. Jail for Publishing Picture Books - China Continues Hong Kong Free Speech Assault
  429. Protests in Hong Kong (2019–2020): A Perspective Based on Quality of Life and Well-Being
  430. Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: Results of the 2012 Elections
  431. Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: China's December 2007 Decision
  432. Police Tackle 12-Year-Old to the Ground in Hong Kong.
  433. Chengdu: US Leaves Consulate Amid Row with China
  434. Under Red China, Democracy Is Dead in Hong Kong.
  435. The Chilling Effect of Hong Kong's New National Security Law
  436. Understanding the Relationship Between Hong Kong and China
  437. Contending on the Periphery: Taiwan and Hong Kong
  438. Democracy in Hong Kong.
  439. Democratic Crisis in Hong Kong.
  440. The Struggle for Hong Kong.
  441. From a British-Style Administrative State to a Chinese-Style Political State: Civil Service Reforms in Hong Kong After the Transfer of Sovereignty
  442. A Year of Creeping Darkness Under the National Security Law in Hong Kong
  443. Thousands of Hong Kongers Defy Police Ban to Remember Tiananmen Square Massacre
  444. The Tiananmen Square Massacre: From China's Authoritarian Roots to the Iconic "Tank Man"
  445. On the 31st Anniversary, Remembering the Tiananmen
  446. A Widening Wealth Gap in Hong Kong.
  447. Amid Pandemic, Hong Kong Arrests Major Pro-Democracy ...
  448. One Country, One System: The Week that China Shredded its Promise on Hong Kong.
  449. Deng Xiaoping on Hong Kong: The Relevance of Contradiction Analysis.
  450. In Hong Kong, Protesters Fight to Stay Anonymous.
  451. 'Society Is Suffering': Hong Kong Protests Spark mental Health.
  452. Leveling Criticism at China’s Elite, Some Borrow Words From the Past.
  453. Four Hong Kong Publishers Known for Books Critical of Chinese Regime Missing
  454. The Economic Roots of Hong Kong’s Fight with China.
  455. The Case of Hong Kong's Missing Booksellers.
  456. History of Hong Kong - From British Colony to Special Administrative Region of China (video)
  457. History, Ambition, and Technology: The Chinese Communist ...
  458. Democracy for Hong Kong and Taiwan
  459. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2018: China (Includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet)
  460. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: China (Includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) 2020 & 2019
  461. The External Relations and International Status of Hong Kong
  462. The Unpredictable Rise of China.
  463. Mapping China's Global Governance Ambitions
  464. The Past, Present, and Future of Freedom of Speech and Expression in China.
  465. Freedom of Information Returns to China | Yale
  466. Observations on the State of Indigenous Human Rights in China.
  467. List of Massacres in China.
  468. Human Rights in China - University of Denver.
  469. India-China Border Dispute: A Conflict Explained.
  470. Battle in the Himalayas.
  471. Observations on the State of Indigenous Human Rights in China.
  472. Media Censorship in China. | CFR
  473. Media Censorship in China.
  474. The Constitution Law of People's Republic of China.
  475. Political Imprisonment in the People's Republic of China.
  476. Reassessing Reeducation Through Labor.
  477. The Routine of Mass Murder in China.
  478. Mao's Great Leap Forward 'Killed 45 million in Four years'.
  479. Genocide in Tibet.
  480. Mao in Tibetan Disguise: History, Ethnography, and Excess
  481. The Global Implications of “Re-education” Technologies in China.
  482. Comparative Analysis of Honor Killing Phenomena in China and Pakistan.
  483. War with China: Thinking Through the Unthinkable.
  484. Political Reform and the Fragility of Communist Rule in China.
  485. The “Three Reforms” in China: Progress and Outlook.
  486. Timeline of China's Possible Coronavirus Cover-up.
  487. Timeline: China Milestones Since 1978
  488. Timeline: China Under Communist Rule.
  489. The Coronavirus Cover-Up: A Timeline - Victims of Communism.
  490. Many Wonder if China's Coronavirus Recovery Can Be Trusted.
  491. Can We Believe Any of China's Coronavirus Numbers?
  492. Freedom and Human Rights in China.
  493. Undermining Freedom of Expression in China - The Role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google
  494. Behind the Rise of China's Facial-Recognition Giants
  495. Inside China's Crackdown On Human Rights Advocates.
  496. Understanding China's Crackdown on Rights Advocates.
  497. Amid China's Threat in South China Sea, Taiwan Deploys Submarine near Spratly Islands.
  498. Aggressive Posturing by China in the South China Sea.
  499. April Fools “Inconsistent with Core Socialist Values”.
  500. Former Top China Military Official 'Took Huge Bribes'.
  501. It's Time for the World to Adjust to China's Global Ambition.
  502. Undermining Freedom of Expression in China - The Role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google
  503. Economic Reform and Higher Education in China
  504. Economic Reform and Growth in China
  505. The Political Economy of Decollectivization in China
  506. The Role of Corruption in China's Speedy, Risky Boom.
  507. Corruption in the People's Republic of China.
  508. Corruption in Military Poses a Test for China.
  509. Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Reform China
  510. Corruption Threatens China’s Future
  511. Corruption in China - Wikipedia
  512. Healthcare Is So Corrupt in China That Patients Have to Bribe Doctors
  513. In China, Parents Bribe to Get Students into Top Schools, Despite Campaign Against Corruption
  514. Labor Camps Reinforce China's Totalitarian Rule.
  515. New York Times Blocked by China After Report on Wealth of Wen Jiabao's Family.
  516. Wen Jiabao's $2.7bn Family Wealth: China Furious at US Exposé.
  517. Billions in Hidden Riches for Family of Chinese Leader.
  518. A Chinese Education, for a Price.
  519. An Investor's Guide to Buying Influence in China.
  520. Urban Life in China.
  521. The 2011 Crackdown on Dissidents in China
  522. The 2002–2003 Chinese Protest Movement
  523. Transcript - The Tank Man
  524. The 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests and Massacre
  525. From Tiananmen to Neo-Stalinism.
  526. Tiananmen: China's Struggle for Democracy.
  527. Tiananmen Square, Leipzig, and the "Chinese Solution".
  528. Tiananmen Square, 1989: The Declassified History
  529. 纪录片天安門 六四事件 Tiananmen Square Protests (video)
  530. Tiananmen Square Protest Death Toll 'Was 10,000'.
  531. Tiananmen at 31: US Congress Introduced Bipartisan Resolution and Condemn Imposition of National Security Law in Hong Kong.
  532. Tiananmen at 30: Examining the Evolution of Repression in China.
  533. On Tiananmen Anniversary, Hong Kong Criminalizes Mocking China's National Anthem
  534. Assignment: China - Tiananmen Square
  535. Assignment: China - USCI's Series on American Reporting on China
  536. Tensions Flare in the South China Sea.
  537. If China Is Doing So Well, Why Do So Many Chinese Think of Moving to USA?
  538. U.S. Moves Toward Ending Hong Kong Privileges.
  539. U.S.-China Diplomacy Over Chinese Legal Advocate Chen Guangcheng
  540. U.S. Warns Citizens of Heightened Detention Risks in China.
  541. U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement
  542. U.S. Clothing and Textile Trade with China and the World: Trends Since the End of Quotas
  543. U.S. Accuses China of Pushing Territorial Ambitions.
  544. US Accuses Beijing of Using Coronavirus as Cover for South China Sea.
  545. U.S.-Chinese Motor Vehicle Trade: Overview and Issues
  546. U.S. Relations With Hong Kong
  547. U.S. Sanctions Branded 'Clowning Actions' as Hong Kong Vows Not to be Intimidated
  548. US Congressional-Executive Commission on China:
  549. U.S.-China Relations: An Overview of Policy Issues
  550. U.S China Relations.
  551. U.S.-China Relations: COVID-19 Issues
  552. U.S. Views of China Increasingly Negative Amid Coronavirus Outbreak
  553. "U.S. Says China Is Committing 'Genocide' Against Uighur Muslims
  554. U.S. Calls China's Abuses of Muslim Minorities 'Genocide' and 'Crimes Against Humanity'
  555. U.S. Declares China's Human Rights Abuses Against Muslim
  556. U.S. Assistance Programs in China
  557. U.S. Prohibiting Imports from China's Xinjiang over Force Labor
  558. U.S. Concerned at China's 'Alignment' with Russia ...
  559. The U.S. Is Treating Hong Kong as Mainland China - Business Is Starting to Do the Same.
  560. Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 113th Congress
  561. Understanding China’s Political System
  562. Maritime Territorial Disputes in East Asia: Issues for Congress
  563. Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress
  564. South China Sea Tensions
  565. A Guide to China's Upcoming Leadership Transitions
  566. The Cultural Revolution: All You Need to Know About China's Political Convulsion
  567. My Secret Life as a Forbidden Second Child in China
  568. Publishers Under Pressure as China's Censors Reach for Red Pen
  569. Religious Suppression in China
  570. Was Mao Successful in Stamping Out Religion in China?
  571. 'Dangerous Dynamic': Coronavirus Threatens New 'Cold War' Between US and China
  572. The Dark Side of Labor in China
  573. Growth and Corruption in China
  574. Xi Jinping and the Party’s “Guiding Ideology”
  575. Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy
  576. Human Rights in China
  577. In China, They’re Closing Churches, Jailing Pastors – and Even Rewriting Scripture
  578. A History of China
  579. A History of Massacres in China.
  580. History of Islam in China
  581. Is China Totalitarian? | The Heritage Foundation
  582. The Rise of China's Auto Industry and Its Impact on the U.S. Motor Vehicle Industry
  583. The Tibetan Policy Act of 2002: Background and Implementation
  584. Tibetan Re-Education Camp Journal Tells of China's Tactics.
  585. Tibet: Problems, Prospects, and U.S. Policy
  586. Health and Safety Concerns Over U.S. Imports of Chinese Products: An Overview
  587. Sino-Japanese Relations: Issues for U.S. Policy
  588. Food and Agricultural Imports from China
  589. The Palace of Shame that Makes China Angry
  590. Comparing Global Influence: China's and U.S. Diplomacy, Foreign Aid, Trade, and Investment in the Developing World
  591. Cultural Genocide in Tibet
  592. Understanding China's Political System
  593. North Korean Refugees in China and Human Rights Issues: International Response and U.S. Policy Options
  594. The Southwest Pacific: U.S. Interests and China's Growing Influence
  595. Is China a Threat to the U.S. Economy?
  596. Social Unrest in China
  597. Politics of China
  598. The Collapse of One China
  599. Internet Development and Information Control in the People's Republic of China
  600. Internet Freedom in China
  601. Restrictions on Online Freedom of Expression in China
  602. China: Economic Sanctions
  603. Changing China: Xi Jinping's Effort to Return to Socialism
  604. The Divided China Problem: Conflict Avoidance and Resolution
  605. The Rise of China and Its Effect on Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea: U.S. Policy Choices
  606. Underlying Strains in Taiwan-U.S. Political Relations
  607. Taiwan in 2004: Elections, Referenda, and Other Democratic Challenges
  608. New Report Confirms China Continues to Kill Innocent People.
  609. Communist Dictatorship in China (1949 - Present).
  610. Mao's Great Leap Forward 'Killed 45 Million in Four Years'.
  611. Chronology of Mass Killings During the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
  612. Undermining Freedom of Expression in China
  613. Remembering the Biggest Mass Murder in the History
  614. Understanding China's Political System
  615. The 6th Press conference by Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous ...
  616. 4 Facts About Life Under Chairman Mao's Rule
  617. 5 Takeaways from China's Hong Kong National Security Law
  618. 7 Hong Kong Democracy Leaders Convicted as China Clamps Down
  619. 7 Simple Questions and Answers to Understand China and the U.S.
  620. 8 Things You Need to Know About China's Economy
  621. 9 Hong Kong Pro-Democracy Activists Sentenced for 2019 Protests
  622. 10 Ways China Has Changed Under Xi Jinping
  623. 10 Things You Need to know About Hong Kong’s National Security Law
  624. 15% of Tibet's Population Transferred to Chinese Training Centers as Mass Labor Program Expands
  625. 17 Facts About China.
  626. 65 Years of Communism and One Red Hot Hong Kong.
  627. 70 Years of Communist Rule in China.
  628. 100 Years of Suppression: The CCP's Strategies in Tibet, the Uyghur Region, and Hong Kong
▷ China: How, What, Who & Why
  1. How Hong Kong's Fight for Freedom Is a Global Battle.
  2. How Hong Kong Came Under 'One Country, Two Systems' Rule
  3. How Hong Kong Is Stifling Dissent from Protester to Prisoner.
  4. How Hong Kong Has Changed Since the 1997 Handover.
  5. How China Has Crushed Hong Kong’s Democracy
  6. How China′s National Security Law Threatens Hong Kong′s Internet Freedom.
  7. How China's Actions in the South China Sea Undermine the Rule of Laws.
  8. How China Could Force Biden’s Hand on Defending Taiwan
  9. How China 'Brainwashes' Uighurs in Prison
  10. How China Corralled 1 Million People into Concentration Camps.
  11. How China Is Using A.I. to Profile a Minority
  12. How China Distorts Its Minorities through Propaganda
  13. How China Mass Detention Camps Work
  14. How China 'Brainwashes' Uighurs in Prison
  15. How China Became Capitalist
  16. How China Is Ruled: Communist Party.
  17. How China Attacks Religion: Muslims, Christians, Buddhists Vulnerable.
  18. How China's Belt and Road Initiative Is Choking the Mekong River Basin Under Threat
  19. How China Combined Authoritarianism With Capitalism to Create a New Communism
  20. How the China Communist Party Runs the Country
  21. How Dissent Grows in China
  22. How Serious Is China's Economic Slowdown?
  23. How Press Freedom Is Being Eroded in Hong Kong
  24. How Life in Hong Kong Has Changed Under China's National Security Law
  25. How Many Died in 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre?
  26. How Did China's Communist Regime Survive Tiananmen?.
  27. How the Communist Party in China Runs the Country
  28. How the Tiananmen Square Massacre Changed China Forever.
  29. How China's Neighbors Have Reacted to Map Claiming Their Land
  30. How Long Can the Communist Party Survive in China?
  31. How Does China Censor the Internet?.
  32. How Xi Jinping's 10 Years in Power Changed China
  33. How Protesters in China Bypass Online Censorship to Express Dissent
  34. How Large Is China's Economy? Does it Matter?
  35. What Is Xinjiang Like?
  36. What Is Hong Kong’s Extradition Bill?
  37. What Is Happening in Hong Kong?.
  38. What Is Happened to the Vanished Uighurs of Xinjiang?.
  39. What Is Happening with the Uighurs in China?
  40. What Is Been Happening in China's Xinjiang.
  41. What Is the Essence of Issues Related to Xinjiang? (video)
  42. What Is Behind the China-Taiwan Divide?
  43. What Is the Relationship Between China and Hong Kong?
  44. What Are the Implications of China's Anti-Sedition Laws in Hong Kong?
  45. What Chinese Officials Told Children Whose Families Were Put in Camps
  46. What Was Life Like in China (Mainland) in the 1980s?
  47. What Will the Youth Vote Mean for Taiwan’s Elections?.
  48. What If the US Removes Hong Kong's Special Status?
  49. What the 'Hong Kong Narrative' Gets Wrong
  50. What the West Gets Wrong About China
  51. What China Does to People Who Speak Out Against Them
  52. What China Promised Hong Kong’s Freedoms and How It’s Cracking Down
  53. What China Has Been Building in the South China Sea.
  54. What You Need to Know About South China Sea.
  55. What You Need to Know About China's Lockdown Protests
  56. What Happened to Hong Kong?
  57. What Type of Government Does China Have?
  58. What Does Xi Jinping’s Power Move Mean for China?
  59. What Does China Want from the Ukraine Crisis with Russia?
  60. Who Killed More: Hitler, Stalin, or Mao?.
  61. Who Are the Uighurs, and Why Was China Accused of Genocide?
  62. Who Are China's Political Prisoners?
  63. Who’s Who in Xi Jinping’s China as Leader Cements Power
  64. Why the South China Sea Fuels U.S.-China Tensions.
  65. Why It Is So Hard to Keep the World Focused on Tibet.
  66. Why Is Hong Kong Worried About China's New Law?
  67. Why Is Hong Kong Erupting?
  68. Why Is the Hong Kong COVID Death Rate So High?
  69. Why Are People Protesting in Hong Kong?
  70. Why Are There Protests in Hong Kong?.
  71. Why Are People Protesting in Hong Kong?
  72. Why Are the Young People of Hong Kong Angry and Deeply Unhappy?
  73. Why Are UK and China Relations Getting Worse?
  74. Why Many in China Oppose Hong Kong’s Protests
  75. Why Protestors Are Demonstrating in Hong Kong
  76. Why Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese Aren’t Getting Along.
  77. Why Hong Kong Is Important to China.
  78. Why Hong Kong Can Never Copy Singapore's 'Dictatorship'
  79. Why Does the United States Care About Taiwan?.
  80. Why Do Many Chinese Sympathize With Russia in the Ukraine Conflict?
  81. Why Do Muslim States Stay Silent over China’s Abuse of the Uighurs?
  82. Why Now? Understanding Beijing's New Assertiveness in Hong Kong.
  83. Why Taiwan Is the Biggest Risk for a U.S.-China Clash?
  84. Why U.S.-China Relations Are Locked in a Stalemate
  85. Why US Believes China Will Send ‘Lethal Support’ to Russia
  86. Why the Chinese Internet Is Cheering Russia’s Invasion
  87. Why Chinese President Xi Jinping Must Stay in Power for His Survival
  88. Why China Supports Burma’s Dictators
  89. Why China Is So Obsessed with Hong Kong and Taiwan?
  90. Why China Is Picking a Fight with Vietnam?
  91. Why China Is Far from Ready to Meet the U.S. on a Global Battlefront.
  92. Why China’s Move to Rein In Hong Kong Is Just the Start
  93. Why China's Ukraine Balancing Act Might Be Tilting in Putin's Favor
  94. Why China's Stand on Russia and Ukraine Is Raising Concerns | AP
  95. Why China Tells the World It’s Prospering as Economic Problems Deepen
▷ Middle East
  1. Crisis in the Middle East
  2. European Views and Policies Toward the Middle East
  3. Conflicts in the Middle East: Explanation & Causes
  4. Conflict and Diplomacy in the Middle East - External Actors and Regional Rivalries
  5. List of Modern Conflicts in the Middle East
  6. Current Issues in the Middle East
  7. Crisis in Middle East
  8. Issues Transcending Regional Boundaries: The Middle East
  9. U.S. Strategic Interests in the Middle East and Implications for the Army
  10. U.S. Democracy Promotion Policy in the Middle East: The Islamist Dilemma
  11. The Middle East, War on Terror, and other Affair
  12. The Middle East Television Network: An Overview
  13. The Middle East Partnership Initiative: An Overview
  14. The Middle East: Selected Key Issues and Options for the 112th Congress
  15. Middle East Security Issues in the Shadow of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation
  16. Middle East Free Trade Area: Progress Report
  17. Middle East Security Issues and Solutions: Conflicts Arena
  18. Middle East Elections 2009: Lebanon, Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq
  19. Middle East Security Issues in the Shadow of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation
  20. Middle East Conflict and COVID-19 – A View from 2025.
  21. Change in the Middle East: Implications for U.S. Policy
  22. The Impact of War on the People of the Middle East
  23. U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2011 Request
  24. Apple Once Threatened Facebook Ban over Mideast Maid Abuse
  25. Human Rights in the Middle East | Wikipedia
  26. Human Rights in the Middle East
  27. Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa
  28. The Middle East, Old and New | Harvard
  29. Myths & Facts - Human Rights in Arab Countries
  30. Criticism of Islam | Wikipedia.
  31. The New Politics of Human Rights in the Middle East
  32. Problems Faced by Saudi Arabia
  33. Retired U.S. Generals, Admirals Take Top Jobs With Saudi Crown Prince
  34. Nourah al-Qahtani: Saudi Woman Jailed for 45 Years for Social Media Posts.
  35. Salma al-Shehab: Concern for Saudi Student Jailed for 34 Years over Tweets.
  36. “They Fired on Us Like Rain”: Saudi Arabian Mass Killings of Ethiopian Migrants at the Yemen-Saudi Border
  37. Freedom in Saudi Arabia Report
  38. U.S. Intelligence: Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman Approved Operation to Kill Jamal Khashoggi
  39. Crown Prince’s Wings Clipped as Khashoggi Death Rattles Riyadh.
  40. Jamal Khashoggi: All You Need to Know about Saudi Journalist's Death
  41. Reform and Repression Go Hand-in-Hand in Saudi Arabia.
  42. Trump Ignores the Saudis' Awful Record on Religious Freedom.
  43. The 2022 Country Report on Human Rights Practices: Saudi Arabia | United States Department of State
  44. Everything You Need to Know About Human Rights in Saudi Arabia
  45. Women's Education in Saudi Arabia
  46. Restrictions of Women in Saudi Arabia
  47. Human Rights: Saudi Arabia | Human Rights Watch.
  48. Human Rights in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  49. Human Rights in Saudi Arabia.
  50. Saudi Court Jails US Citizen for 16 Years over Critical Tweets.
  51. Saudis Warned of Jail Time for Posting Rumours After Harassment Claims.
  52. Saudi Rapper Faces Arrest for Mecca Girl Music Video.
  53. Saudi Arabia’s Religious Reforms Are Touching Nothing but Changing Everything.
  54. Saudi Arabia: Unrelenting Repression.
  55. Saudi Arabia Report 2020 Human Rights Report | United States Department of State
  56. Saudi Arabia: Critics Slam Human Trafficking of Moroccan ′Maids for Sale′
  57. Saudi Solutions for Political Reform
  58. Saudi Women Can Drive. Just Let Them.
  59. Saudi Arabia Ends Major Anti-Corruption Campaign
  60. Saudi Arabia: Reports of Torture and Sexual Harassment of Detained Activists
  61. Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues
  62. Saudi Arabia's Economic Crisis.
  63. Saudi Arabia Creating a Total Mess in Lebanon
  64. Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations
  65. Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues
  66. Saudi Is Wild Card in Middle East’s New Turmoil
  67. Saudi Arabia to Enforce January Deadline to Move Regional HQs to Riyadh
  68. Saudi Arabia in Ten Brutal Facts | amnesty.org
  69. Saudi Arabia's Brutal Punishment of a Dissident.
  70. UN Accuses Saudi Arabia of Using Terror Laws to Suppress Free Speech
  71. Fall of Syria's President Bashar Assad Brings to an End a Decades-long Dynasty
  72. Syrian Army Deploys to Manbij Area After Kurdish Calls to Deter Turkey.
  73. Syria: Overview of the Humanitarian Response
  74. Syria: Political Conditions and Relations with the United States After the Iraq War
  75. Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues
  76. Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (2023)
  77. Syrian Civil War
  78. Syria: The Story of the Conflict
  79. Conflict in Syria
  80. Syria Conflict Overview: 2011-2021
  81. The Current Situation in Syria
  82. Possible U.S. Intervention in Syria: Issues for Congress
  83. Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response
  84. In Trying to Help Syria, an Intervention Would Destroy It
  85. Questions About Syria
  86. Obama’s Syria Choice: Good for Politics, Good for the Constitution, Bad for Syria
  87. Russia's Vladimir Putin Challenges U.S. on Syria Claims
  88. Obama Announced Military Action Against Syria (video)
  89. US 'Has Evidence of Syrian Sarin Use'
  90. The Real Reasons Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman Wanted Khashoggi ‘Dead or Alive’.
  91. Mohammed bin Salman's Inner Circle Takes the Blame for Khashoggi's Death.
  92. Flashpoints in U.S.-Turkey Relations
  93. Kurdish–Turkish Conflict (1978–Present).
  94. Turkey Syria Offensive: Erdogan and Putin Strike Deal Over Kurds.
  95. Turkey, Syria, the Kurds, and Trump's Abandonment.
  96. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Turkey.
  97. Tensions Between Turkey and U.S. Soar as Trump Orders New Sanctions.
  98. Tensions Between Turkey and U.S. over Detained American Pastor.
  99. Women in Turkey.
  100. Women’s Struggle in Turkey and a New Transnational Declaration.
  101. Insulted Erdogan on NATO 'Impudence' over Enemy-Chart Scandal.
  102. Foreign Relations of Turkey.
  103. Is Turkey's Democracy Dying?.
  104. U.S. Suspends Visa Services in Turkey.
  105. Will Turkey Be Expelled from NATO.
  106. US-Turkey Tensions Boil Over After Arrest of Consulate Employee.
  107. Inside Turkey: The Crackdown, and the Loyalist.
  108. Erdogan's Turkey: The End Of Democracy?.
  109. Erdoğan's Turkey and the Problem of the 30 Million.
  110. Erdogan’s Economic Hail Mary Won't Work.
  111. Erdogan's March to Dictatorship in Turkey.
  112. Failed Turkish Coup Accelerated a Purge Years in the Making.
  113. Turkey Urges China to End Mass Detention of Muslims.
  114. Turkey Violence: How Dangerous Is Turkey's Instability?.
  115. Turkey Human Rights Watch .
  116. Turkey Pulls Troops Out of NATO Exercise Over 'Enemy' List.
  117. Turkey Demands China Close Camps After Reports of Musician's Death.
  118. Turkey's Thirty-Year Coup.
  119. Turkey Slammed for Quitting Treaty Protecting Women's Rights.
  120. Turkey Withdraws from European Treaty Protecting Women.
  121. Turkey Withdraws from E.U. Treaty on Violence Against Women.
  122. Turkey's Currency Slumps on US Visa Spat.
  123. Turkish President Erdogan Blames US Ambassador for Visa Row.
  124. Turkey Sacks 3,900 Public Officials, bans TV Dating Shows.
  125. Turkey Sentences 40 to Life in Coup Attempt Against Erdogan.
  126. Turkey's Democracy Is Dying – But This Brutal Crackdown Can't Last.
  127. Turkey's Attacks on Women Wearing Shorts.
  128. Turkey's New Constitution Would End Its Democracy.
  129. Turkey Orders 400 Arrests in Continuing Post-Coup Crackdown.
  130. Turkey: Selected Foreign Policy Issues and U.S. Views
  131. Turkey Is Not the Country It Once Was.
  132. Turkey Is a Dictatorship Masquerading as a NATO Democracy.
  133. Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges
  134. Turkey: Problems, Policies, Parties.
  135. Turkey's President Erdoğan Is Losing Ground at Home.
  136. Turkey's Erdogan Shuts Schools, Charities in First State of Emergency Decree.
  137. Turkey Military Coup Attempt (7/16/2016): Turkey Coup Arrests Hit 6,000 as Erdogan Roots Out 'Virus'.
  138. Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations
  139. Turkey: Update on Crisis of Identity and Power
  140. Turkey's 2007 Elections: Crisis of Identity and Power
  141. Turkey: Issues for U.S. Policy (May 22, 2002)
  142. Struggling to Starve ISIS of Oil Revenue, U.S. Seeks Assistance from Turkey.
  143. Human Rights in Egypt
  144. Implications of Egypt's Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply
  145. Egypt's High Court Suspends Work, Ruling on Charter As Political Crisis Deepens.
  146. Egypt: Gen Abdulfattah al-Sisi Says US 'Turned Its Back'.
  147. Egypt Timeline: from Revolution to the Current Crisis.
  148. Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations
  149. Egypt’s Political Prisoners Recount Horrific Conditions
  150. Egypt in Crisis: Issues for Congress
  151. Egypt and the IMF: Overview and Issues for Congress
  152. Egypt: Revolution and Aftermath.
  153. Nile Countries Agree to Restart Talks Over Disputed Dam.
  154. Army Ousts Egypt’s President; Morsi Is Taken Into Military Custody.
  155. The Constant Violation of Human Rights in the UAE
  156. The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy
  157. UAE: Enforced Disappearance and Torture
  158. UAE: Migrant Worker Abuses Linked to Broader Climate Harms
  159. UAE: Greater Progress Needed on Women's Rights
  160. UAE: Political Issues and Security Dilemmas
  161. UAE Beat Foreign Prisoners and Gave Them Electric Shocks, Evidence Shows
  162. (UAE) Dubai: Alleged Victim of Gang Rape Sentenced to One Year in Prison - Los Angeles Times
  163. UAE: Adulterer to Be Lashed, Jailed in Sharjah
  164. Americans and Canadian Held in UAE Acquitted – But 'Nightmare' Continues
  165. Human Rights Abuses & Corruption Threaten RAK Fitch Rating
  166. Human Rights in United Arab Emirates | Amnesty
  167. Human Rights in the United Arab Emirates
  168. Woman Sentenced to Death by Stoning in Abu Dhabi
  169. United Arab Emirates | Human Rights Watch .
  170. Human Rights Watch Warns Expat Women About the UAE.
  171. Holding Hands, Drinking Wine and Other Ways to Go to Jail in Dubai
  172. United Arab Emirates Bribery & Corruption
  173. Modern Slavery in United Arab Emirates.
  174. A Princess Raced to Escape Dubai’s Powerful Ruler, then Her Phone Appeared on the List.
  175. The 2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: United Arab Emirates
  176. Over 200 Organizations Demand Action on UAE Human Rights Abuses Before COP28 Climate Talks
  177. Overseas Business Risk: United Arab Emirates
  178. Washington Needs to Do Something About the UAE's Dirty Money
  179. Inside the UAE's Secret Hacking Team of U.S. Mercenaries
  180. Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations
  181. Politics of Qatar
  182. Human Rights in Qatar
  183. Qatar: Migrant Construction Workers Face Abuse
  184. Qatar: Freedom in the World Country Report
  185. Qatar’s Regional Relations and Foreign Policy After Al Ula
  186. Asian Housemaid Gets Death for Adultery in Abu Dhabi (Qatar)
  187. Filipino Woman Gets 100 Lashes for Giving Birth in Qatar
  188. Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations
  189. Politics of Jordan
  190. World Report 2022: Jordan | Human Rights Watch
  191. Jordan's Royal Rift: A Family Feud Erupts - But Who's Actually Involved?
  192. List of Wars Involving Jordan
  193. Jordan–Palestine Relations
  194. Human Rights in Jordan
  195. Oman: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy
  196. List of Wars Involving Oman
  197. Oman’s Interests and Role in the Conflict in Yemen
  198. Iran–Oman Relations
  199. Oman–Saudi Arabia Relations
  200. Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations
  201. At Least 488 killed in Iran Protests
  202. At Least 326 Killed in Iran Protests
  203. US Foreign Policy and the Future of Democracy in Iran
  204. Democracy in Iran: History and the Quest for Liberty
  205. Democracy in Iran? Will We Ever See the Day?
  206. The Crisis in Iran: What Now?
  207. The Islamic Republic of Iran: A Dangerous Regime
  208. The World Bank and Iran
  209. The US-Iran Conflict: A Timeline of How We Got Here
  210. Iran's President Raisi killed in Helicopter Crash
  211. Iran Helicopter Crash: President Raisi, the Supreme Leader's Protege, Dies at 63
  212. Iranian General Acknowledges over 300 Dead in Unrest
  213. Iranian Man, 27, Shot Dead for Celebrating Team’s World Cup Exit
  214. Iranian Democracy: A Century of Struggle, Setback ...
  215. Iran's Threat to the Strait of Hormuz
  216. Iran Sanctions
  217. Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses
  218. Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions
  219. Iran-Iraq Relations
  220. Iran Protests: Identifies Many more People Killed
  221. Iran and Democracy
  222. Iran Is the Middle East's Most Dangerous Tinderbox
  223. Iranian Revolution
  224. Iran: Ethnic and Religious Minorities
  225. Iran's 2009 Presidential Elections
  226. Iran’s Protests ... and the Afghan Sisters Next Door
  227. Iran: Profile of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
  228. Iran's Nuclear Program: Status
  229. Iran's Foreign Minister: Armed Groups Are Poised With 'Their Finger on the Trigger'
  230. Iran Is the Middle East's Most Dangerous Tinderbox
  231. Iran Sanctions Act (ISA)
  232. Iran's Economic Conditions: U.S. Policy Issues
  233. Iran: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy
  234. Iran’s Rulers, Shaken by Protests, Now Face Currency Crisis
  235. Whither Iran on the Revolution’s Anniversary?
  236. World Report 2022: Iran | Human Rights Watch
  237. The Looming Threat of a Nuclear Crisis with Iran
  238. The 13 Crises Facing Iran
  239. Smoldering Iran Nuclear Crisis Risks Catching Fire
  240. Terror and Tehran
  241. The US-Iran Conflict: A Timeline of How We Got Here
  242. Iraq, Iran Act Against Sweden After Koran Protests
  243. Outrage Over Man Who Desecrated Quran Prompts Protesters to Set Swedish Embassy in Iraq on Fire
  244. Protesters Angry Over Quran Burning Storm Swedish Embassy in Baghdad
  245. Iraq Expels Sweden's Ambassador Over Quran Burning, After Protests at Swedish Embassy
  246. Thousands Protest in Iraq for a Second Day Over Burning of Quran in Sweden
  247. Denmark's Latest Quran Burning Sparks More Outrage in Iraq and other Muslim Nations
  248. US Warns Iraq It Could Shutter Embassy in Baghdad
  249. US Embassy in Baghdad Cleared of Protesters After Second Day of Demonstrations
  250. Middle East and North Africa Unrest: Implications for Oil and Natural Gas Markets
  251. The Middle East: Selected Key Issues and Options for the 112th Congress
  252. The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq
  253. Has Democratization in Iraq Failed?
  254. U.S. Treatment of Prisoners in Iraq: Selected Legal Issues
  255. U.S. Forces in Iraq
  256. Issues Concerning the Prospective Security Agreement Between the United States and Iraq
  257. Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress
  258. U.S. Embassy in Iraq
  259. Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy
  260. Post-War Iraq: Foreign Contributions to Training, Peacekeeping, and Reconstruction
  261. Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces
  262. Iraq: Tribal Structure, Social, and Political Activities
  263. Iraq's Sadr Flexes His Muscles with Swedish Embassy Torching
  264. Iraq: Map Sources
  265. Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights
  266. Iraqi Civilian, Police, and Security Forces Casualty Estimates
  267. Iraqi Police and Security Forces Casualty Estimates
  268. Iraqi Casualties: U.S. Military Forces and Iraqi Civilians, Police, and Security Forces
  269. Iraq's Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications for International Debt Relief
  270. Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy
  271. Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security
  272. Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy
  273. Iraq: Reconstruction Assistance
  274. Iraq: Former Regime Weapons Programs and Outstanding U.N. Issues
  275. Iraq: U.S. Casualties
  276. Iraqi Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: A Deepening Humanitarian Crisis?
  277. Iraqi Civilian Deaths Estimates
  278. Iraq: Milestones Since the Ouster of Saddam Hussein
  279. Iraq: Debt Relief
  280. Iraq Oil: Reserves, Production, and Potential Revenues
  281. Iraq's New Security Forces: The Challenge of Sectarian and Ethnic Influences
  282. Iraq: Frequently Asked Questions About Contracting
  283. Iraq: Transition to Sovereignty
  284. Iraq's Trade with the World: Data and Analysis
  285. Iraq War: Background and Issues Overview
  286. Iraq: U.N. Inspections for Weapons of Mass Destruction
  287. Iraq: U.S. Military Operations
  288. Iraq: A Compilation of Legislation Enacted and Resolutions Adopted by Congress, 1990-2003
  289. Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations
  290. Iraq: Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Capable Missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
  291. Iraq: Weapons Programs, U.N. Requirements, and U.S. Policy
  292. Iraq: Former and Recent Military Confrontations with the United States
  293. Iraq: Oil for Food Program, International Sanctions, and Illicit Trade
  294. Iraq: The Turkish Factor
  295. Iraq: Divergent Views on Military Action
  296. Iraq: Post-War Challenges and U.S. Responses, 1991-1998
  297. The United Nations Security Council Its Role in the Iraq Crisis: A Brief Overview
  298. War in Yemen News
  299. Biden: US Delivered Private Message to Iran About Houthi Attacks
  300. Yemen's Houthis Vow Strong Response After New US Strike
  301. US and Britain Strike Yemen in Reprisal for Houthi Attacks on Shipping
  302. Yemen War: Facts, FAQs, ...
  303. War in Yemen
  304. Yemen’s Tragedy: War, Stalemate, and Suffering
  305. Yemeni Civil War (2014–Present)
  306. Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations
  307. Yemen: Current Conditions and U.S. Relations
  308. Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy
  309. Bahrain 2020 Human Rights Report | state.gov)
  310. You Can’t Call Bahrain a Democracy: Bahrain’s Political Isolation Laws
  311. Human Rights Watch World Reports on Bahrain: 2023 & 2022
  312. Human Rights in Bahrain
  313. Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy
  314. Human Rights in Kuwait
  315. Kuwait: Human Rights Report
  316. The American Public and the Arab Awakening.
  317. The Persian Gulf States: Post-War Issues for U.S. Policy
  318. 6 Days War that Changed the Middle East
  319. 10 Shocking Facts About Human Rights in Saudi Arabia
  320. 10 Ways that Saudi Arabia Violates Human Rights
  321. 15,000 Iranian Protesters Face Death Following Bloody Friday Massacre
▷ Middle East: How, What, Who & Why
  1. How Free Expression Is Suppressed in Saudi Arabia, and Ways the Government Violates Human Rights.
  2. How Trump's Phone Call Changed the War - Syrian Surprise.
  3. How the US-Turkey Relationship Fell Apart
  4. How Deep Are Saudi Arabia's Troubles?.
  5. How Iran May Figure Into This New War in the Middle East
  6. How Iran Became an Undemocratic Democracy.
  7. How Iranian Women Fight Surveillance With Sanitary Pads
  8. What Relationship Can the US and Turkey Have After 2020
  9. What Is the Iran Nuclear Deal?.
  10. What Is the Greatest Problem in Turkish Politics?.
  11. What Is the Real Net Worth of the Saudi Royal Family?
  12. What Is happening in Syria? A Simple Guide
  13. What Is Going on in Turkey?.
  14. What Is Going on Between Sweden and Iraq, and Why Are Copies of the Koran Being Desecrated?
  15. What Are Women Banned from Doing in Saudi Arabia?
  16. What Caused Yemen’s Crisis?
  17. What You Need to Know About
    18. China’s Saudi-Iran Deal
  18. What to Know About the Hajj Pilgrimage and Why It Matters to Muslims
  19. What Women Can and Can’t Do in Saudi Arabia
  20. Who Is Fighting in Yemen's War?
  21. Who Are the Kurds, and Why Is Turkey Attacking Them?.
  22. Why Is the Yemen War There Getting more Violent?
  23. Why Is There a Civil War in Syria?
  24. Why Is South Korea So Anti-Semitic?
  25. Why Does Antisemitism Persist?
  26. Why Does Sweden Allow Quran Burnings? Like Much of West, It Has No Blasphemy Laws
  27. Why Do People Hate Jews and Judaism? | The Washington Post
  28. Why Has Radical Islam Sprung from Egypt and Saudi Arabia?
  29. Why Has the Syrian War Lasted 12 Years?
  30. Why Women Flee from Saudi Arabia
  31. Why Democracy in Iran Failed and How It Might Succeed
▷ Europe
  1. Europe Presses Tough Taiwan Stance After Backlash Against Macron Comments
  2. Dutch Government to Restrict Sales of Processor Chip Tech
  3. The EU’s Response to the War in Ukraine
  4. Member States of NATO
  5. Europe, the US and China: A Love-Hate Triangle?
  6. Russia-Ukraine Tensions Add to Europe’s Economic Worries
  7. The Russia-Ukraine War, European Financial Integration, and Crises
  8. Europe After the Ukraine War
  9. After Russia Invaded Ukraine, Europe Changed Its Entire Foreign Policy
  10. Russia–European Union Relations
  11. Russia-EU Relations: The End of a Strategic Partnership
  12. Ukraine: Conflict at the Crossroads of Europe and Russia
  13. Finland–NATO Relations
  14. Finland Is on the Verge of Asking to Join NATO, Why that's Bad News for Putin
  15. Sweden and Finland Are on the Cusp of Joining NATO ...
  16. Poland to Expel 45 Russians Accused of Spying
  17. EU Agrees to Freeze Assets of Putin, Foreign Minister Lavrov | AP News
  18. Peace in Europe 'shattered' as Russia Invades Ukraine | CNN
  19. A Soft Alliance Russia-China Relations After the Ukraine Crisis
  20. Political Developments in Europe 1450-1750
  21. Switzerland Government Structure and Political Parties
  22. Political System in Switzerland
  23. Switzerland's Government and Politics
  24. Switzerland Politics, Relations & Current Affairs
  25. Economic and Political Overview in Switzerland
  26. The Swiss Political System and Local Government
  27. Switzerland Remains an Island of Political Stability
  28. Swiss Leaks: Murky Cash Sheltered by Bank Secrecy
  29. The Dutch Political System in a Nutshell
  30. Politics in the Netherlands
  31. “The Biggest Problem in the Netherlands”: Understanding the Party for Freedom’s Politicization of Islam
  32. Economic and Political Overview in the Netherlands
  33. The Netherlands: Political Development and Data for 2017
  34. "True Freedom" and the Dutch Tradition of Republicanism
  35. Gender Equality in the Netherlands
  36. The Parliamentary System of Denmark
  37. Power and Democracy in Denmark: Still a Viable Democracy
  38. Democratisation of Denmark – The Inclusion of Women in Political Citizenship
  39. The Danish Cultural Heritage: Economics and Politics
  40. Open Access in Denmark – New Politics and Demands
  41. Greenland, Denmark, and U.S. Relations
  42. US Condemns Attack in Swedish Embassy in Baghdad, Criticizes Iraq Security
  43. Iraqi Security Forces Disband Protests at Swedish Embassy in Baghdad over Quran Burning
  44. Political Understanding Between Socialdemokratiet, Radikale Venstre, SF and Enhedslisten: A Fair Direction for Denmark
  45. Swedish Politics: Past and Present
  46. The Changing Political Landscape in Sweden
  47. Media and Politics in Sweden
  48. White Ignorance, Race, and Feminist Politics in Sweden
  49. The Surprising Ingredients of Swedish Success – Free Markets and Social Cohesion
  50. Women’s Political Representation and Gender Quotas - The Swedish Case
  51. The Rise of Sweden Democrats: Islam, Populism and the End of Swedish Exceptionalism
  52. Political System of Norway
  53. The Norwegian Study on Power and Democracy
  54. The Norwegian Experience with Gender Quotas
  55. Norwegian Politics for Dummies
  56. Education Policy Outlook Norway
  57. An Introduction to Norway - Life in Norway
  58. Norway's Left Wing Opposition Wins General Election, PM Solberg Concedes
  59. Norway’s Foreign Politics During the Union with Sweden, 1814-1905: A Reconsideration
  60. Norway - Government and Society
  61. Political Participation and Representation in Norway
  62. Media and Politics in Norway
  63. Action Plan for Women’s Rights and Gender Equality in Development Cooperation in Norway
  64. Education Reform in Norway: Looking Beyond Politics to Bring Sustained Change
  65. Political System of Germany
  66. Germany and Politics of Eurozone
  67. Overview: Political Education in Germany
  68. Germany′s Political Parties
  69. Germany - Politics, 1890–1914
  70. The German Government and Political System
  71. The German Economy and U.S.-German Economic Relations, January 27, 2010
  72. Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster
  73. German Foreign and Security Policy: Trends and Transatlantic Implications
  74. Germany's Relations with Israel: Background and Implications for German Middle East Policy
  75. Has Historian Finally Found Real Reason for Hitler's Obsessive Hatred of Jews?
  76. Hitler’s Antisemitism – The Coming Storm
  77. Nazi Policy Towards Women - Life in Nazi Germany, 1933-1939
  78. Nazi Indoctrination and Anti-Semitic Beliefs in Germany
  79. Anti-Semitism in European and German History
  80. Germany Refuses Turkey’s Request to Spy on Opponents of Erdogan.
  81. Sibelius, the Nazis and the Political Culture of Finland
  82. The Finnish Political System
  83. Contesting Gender Equality Politics in Finland: The Finns Party Effect
  84. Gender Equality Policies in Finland
  85. Economic and Political Overview in Finland
  86. Finland and the 2030 Agenda
  87. Europe's Big Problems (2020)
  88. Islamophobia: Understanding Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the West.
  89. Europe: Refugees & Migrants’ Rights.
  90. If Italian Corruption Were Its Own Country, It Would Be the World’s 76th Largest Economy.
  91. Italy Blames France for ‘Migrant Problem’.
  92. Anti-France Protests Draw Tens of Thousands Across Muslim ...
  93. Muslims Protest Against French Rhetoric Following Knife Attack ...
  94. Islam in France | Wikipedia.
  95. France Tells Italy 'Playtime Is Over' in Diplomatic Row.
  96. France Recalls Ambassador to Italy, Revealing Strains at Europe’s Core.
  97. France Calls for 'Immediate and Durable' Ceasefire in Gaza
  98. France Under Pressure to Suspend Military Sales to Israel as War in Gaza Grinds on
  99. The Government and Politics of France.
  100. Guide to the French Government
  101. The French Government and Political System
  102. The Political System of the United Kingdom
  103. UK PM Urges EU Action to Ease Brexit Tensions in NI
  104. June 23, 2016 - Brexit: The UK's EU Referendum: All You Need to Know
  105. Brexit: David Cameron to Quit After UK Votes to Leave EU
  106. Northern Ireland: The Peace Process
  107. Winston S. Churchill - Biography, Death & Speeches
  108. Europe's New Politics of Fear of Turkey.
  109. The EU Moves to Counter Russian Disinformation Campaign.
  110. "EU Parliament Urges Fight Against Russia's 'Fake News'.
  111. It’s Time to Fix Europe — or Lose It.
  112. The Quran's Deadly Role in Inspiring Belgian Slaughter.
  113. Is Poland Taking an Authoritarian Turn? Its New President Explains..
  114. Vatican Signs First Treaty With 'the State of Palestine'.
  115. EU- U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude.
  116. European Union Enlargement.
  117. The European Union: Questions and Answers.
  118. U.S.- EU Cooperation Against Terrorism.
  119. The European Union: Ongoing Challenges and Future ...
  120. The European Union's Coming Challenges
  121. In a Ban, a Measure of European Tolerance.
  122. Europe's Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification.
  123. European Union Wind and Solar Electricity Policies: Overview and Considerations.
  124. European Union Enlargement: A Status Report on Turkey's Accession Negotiations.
  125. The European Parliament.
  126. Cyprus: Reunification Proving Elusive.
  127. The United Kingdom and U.S.-UK Relations.
  128. The European Union: Foreign and Security Policy.
  129. The United States and Europe: Current Issues
  130. The U.S. Congress and the European Parliament: Evolving Transatlantic Legislative Cooperation.
  131. The Eurozone Crisis: Overview and Issues for Congress.
  132. Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme
  133. Chemical Regulation in the European Union: Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (2013).
  134. U.S.- EU Trade and Economic Relations: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress.
  135. The Future of the Eurozone and U.S. Interests.
  136. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Current Issues and U.S. Policy.
  137. Europe's Preferential Trade Agreements: Status, Content, and Implications.
  138. Missile Defense and NATO's Lisbon Summit.
  139. U.S.-EU Poultry Dispute.
  140. The U.S.- EU Beef Hormone Dispute.
  141. Frequently Asked Questions About IMF Involvement in the Eurozone Debt Crisis.
  142. The European Union's Response to the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis
  143. Greece's Debt Crisis: Overview, Policy Responses, and Implications
  144. Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns
  145. U.S.-French Commercial Ties
  146. Greece and Italy Are Listed Among Corrupt in Europe.
  147. Poland's New Government: Background and Issues for the United States
  148. European Union - U.S. Trade and Investment Relations: Key Issues
  149. U.S.-European Union Relations and the 2007 Summit
  150. The European Union's Energy Security Challenges
  151. Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations and Related Issues
  152. Balkan Cooperation on War Crimes Issues
  153. Europe's New Trade Agenda
  154. Bosnia and the European Union Military Force (EUFOR): Post-NATO Peacekeeping
  155. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Issues for U.S. Policy
  156. Bosnia War Crimes: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and U.S. Policy
  157. The European Union in 2005 and Beyond
  158. European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis
  159. European Union's Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy
  160. China Relationship Will Be Determined by Beijing's Behaviour, EU Policy Chief Says
  161. Greece Update
  162. Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence
  163. Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
  164. Macedonia (FYROM): Post-Conflict Situation and U.S. Policy
  165. Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy
  166. Muslims in Europe: Promoting Integration and Countering Extremism
  167. Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia
  168. Serbia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
  169. Serbia and Montenegro Union: Prospects and Policy Implications
  170. The United States and Europe: Possible Options for U.S. Policy
  171. 5 Challenges for the European Union
  172. 6 Issues that Will Shape the EU (2017)
  173. 7 Brexit Things Changing on 1 January 2021
  174. 9 People Detained over Beheading of Teacher in Paris Suburb.
  175. 10 Things You Need to Know About the Swiss Political System.
  176. 1000's Attend Anti-Nazi Rally in Hungary to Protest Lawmaker’s Call to Screen Jews
▷ Europe: How, What, Who & Why
  1. How Helpless Is Europe?
  2. How Russia's Relationship with Europe Has Evolved
  3. How a Russian Invasion of Ukraine Could Spill Over into Europe
  4. How Switzerland’s Direct Democracy Works
  5. How Sweden Is Governed
  6. How Not to Fight Terrorism: Lessons from Belgium, Turkey, and Maybe the USA.
  7. What Issues Are Europeans Most Concerned About?
  8. What Are Europe's Top Three Challenges? Not Brexit, Not ...
  9. When Will Sweden and Finland Join NATO?
  10. Who Runs Switzerland's Government?
  11. Who Is Theresa May: UK's Next Prime Minister - Brexit
  12. Why Did Hitler Hate the Jews?
  13. Why Did Hitler Hate Jews?
  14. Why Did Adolf Hitler Hate the Jews?
  15. Why Hitler Wanted to Exterminate Jews
  16. Why Hitler Blamed the Jews and the Communists for Germany’s Economic Troubles
  17. Why France Incites Such Anger in Muslim World
  18. Why Russia's Putin Uses WWII to Justify Attacks in Ukraine
  19. Why Are Sweden and Finland Not Yet in Nato and Does the Alliance Want Them?
  20. Why Europe Has No Say in the Russia-Ukraine Crisis
  21. Why Europe Will Choose the US over China
▷ East Europe: Russia - Ukraine - Armenia - Azerbaijan - Belarus - Georgia - Kyrgyzstan - Turkmenistan
  1. Commission of Inquiry Finds Further Evidence of War Crimes in Ukraine
  2. War Crimes in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
  3. US Had Warned Russia ISIS Was Determined to Attack
  4. Alexei Navalny's Wife Says She'll Continue Fight Against Putin, Russia
  5. Alexei Navalny, Fierce Putin Critic, Dies in Custody
  6. Yulia Navalnaya: Russian Opposition Leader's 'Principled and Fearless' Widow
  7. Get the Latest Ukraine News Today - KyivPost
  8. War in Ukraine | BBC
  9. European Parliament Declares Russia a State Sponsor of Terrorism
  10. After a Quarter Century in Power, Russian President Putin Isn't Going Anywhere
  11. With New Six-Year Term, Putin Cements Hold on Russian Leadership
  12. Putin Issues Alert after Drones Hit Russia
  13. Putin Killed Mercenary Boss Prigozhin, Zelenskyy Says
  14. Putin May Still Seek Revenge on Wagner Boss – CIA Chief
  15. Putin Loses 6,000 Troops in 2 Weeks as Russia's Weaknesses Exposed: Ukraine
  16. Putin Has Made America Great Again
  17. Putin's Russia Looks Increasingly Desperate as Ukraine War Drags: Analysts
  18. Putin Describes Secret Operation to Seize Crimea
  19. Putin, Kremlin Critic Navalny Set Battle Plans for Next Phase
  20. Putin’s Dictatorship
  21. Putin Waves Nuclear Sword in Confrontation with the West
  22. Putin's War in Ukraine
  23. Putin’s Obsession with Ukraine as a ‘Russian Land’
  24. Vladimir Putin 'Corruption': Five Things We Learned About the Russian President's Secret Wealth.
  25. Vladimir Putin Is Mentally Unstable, Majority of Americans Believe: Poll
  26. Has Putin’s Assault on Ukraine’s Power Grid Failed?
  27. A Crisis Erupts in Russia
  28. G7 to Announce Long-Term Ukraine Security Package at Nato Summit
  29. Reports of Putin's Problems Are Mounting
  30. Is Vladimir Putin a Dictator?
  31. Inside the Stunning Growth of Russia’s Wagner Group
  32. Ally of Wagner Group Boss Hurt in ‘Assassination Attempt’ in Central Africa
  33. Pope Francis Calls Chechens and Buryats "The Cruellest" Russian Troops Fighting in Ukraine
  34. More Russian Troops Were Killed in Ukraine in 2 Weeks than U.S. Troops in Entire Iraq War
  35. World Leaders Mourn Death of Last Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev
  36. Mikhail Gorbachev, Who Oversaw the End of the Soviet Union, Is Dead at 91
  37. Mikhail Gorbachev, Last Leader of the Soviet Union, Dies at 91
  38. U.S. Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief
  39. November 30, 2022 Russia-Ukraine News | CNN
  40. The 2022 Ukraine Conflict
  41. Russian Presidential Election 2024: Putin Extends One-man Rule After Stage-managed Election Devoid of Credible Opposition
  42. Russia’s War in Ukraine - U.S. Sanctions on Russia
  43. Russia’s War in Ukraine | RAND
  44. Russia Is in Agony, But Putin's Dictatorship Is Going Down
  45. Russia's Problems Go Far Beyond Putin
  46. Russia Issues Dire Warning About Nuclear War
  47. Russia Protests to Armenia as Tensions Rise over Disputed Caucasus Region
  48. Russia-Ukraine War News & Latest Pictures | Newsweek
  49. Russia-Ukraine: Breaking News & Live Updates | AP News
  50. Russian Invasion of Ukraine: Latest News, Analysis and Videos | CNN
  51. Russia's Problems with Military Professionalization
  52. Russia’s Latest Sanctions on U.S. Officials Turn to Trump Enemies
  53. Russia-Ukraine War at a Glance: What We Know on Day 347 of the Invasion
  54. Russia’s War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects
  55. Russia’s War Against Ukraine: Overview of U.S. Sanctions and Other Responses
  56. Russian Families Grieve War Deaths as Kremlin Conceals the True Toll
  57. Russia Military Deaths Pass 36k, Ukraine Says, as Putin's Gains Exact Heavy Toll
  58. Russian Soldier Death Toll Reaches 30,000 in Ukraine War
  59. Russia-Ukraine: War Without an End?
  60. Russia Has Become a Classic Dictatorship
  61. Russia's 'Dictatorship-of-the-Law' Approach to Internet Policy
  62. Russian Invasion of Ukraine
  63. Russia Invades Ukraine | CNN
  64. Russia Invades Ukraine | NPR
  65. Russian Forces Invade Ukraine
  66. Russian Invasion of Ukraine
  67. Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine Has Changed the World
  68. Russia's War in Ukraine Has Already Changed the Global Economy
  69. Russia's Garzprom Suspends Gas Transit Through Poland to Europe After Putin's Order
  70. Russia-Ukraine War: Insights and Analysis | Harvard Kennedy School
  71. Russia Puts U.S. Top of 'Unfriendly Countries' List
  72. Russia in Latin America
  73. Russia in Africa
  74. Russia: A Postmodern Dictatorship?
  75. Russia: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report
  76. Russia: The Eternal Great Power
  77. Russia Under Vladimir Putin
  78. Russia–Ukraine Relations and War
  79. Russia and the “Color Revolution”
  80. Russia’s War in Ukraine: Identity, History, and Conflict
  81. Russian Soldiers Raped Dozens, Impregnated 9 in Bucha Basement — Ukraine Says
  82. Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests.
  83. Russian Capital Flight, Economic Reforms, and U.S. Interests: An Analysis.
  84. Russian Fighter Aircraft Industrial Base: Parallels with the United States?
  85. Russia's March 2012 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications
  86. Russia's December 2011 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications
  87. Russian Military Reform and Defense Policy
  88. Russia's December 2007 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications
  89. Russia's Assault on Freedom of Expression
  90. Russian Opposition Leader Alexei Navalny Sentenced to Prison
  91. Russian Court Sentences Kremlin Critic Alexei Navalny to Three and Half Years in Jail
  92. Russian Energy Policy Toward Neighboring Countries
  93. Russia's Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States
  94. Russia-Georgia Conflict in August 2008: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests
  95. Russia's 2008 Presidential Succession
  96. Russia's Accession to the WTO and Its Implications for the United States.
  97. Russian Opposition Politician Blasts 'Two Dictatorships'
  98. Russia: The Political Outlook.
  99. Russia: Domestic Politics and Economy
  100. Russia: Foreign Policy and U.S. Relations
  101. Russia and China: Axis of Revisionists?
  102. Russian Oil and Gas Challenges.
  103. Russian Intelligence Officers Offered Cash Rewards to Taliban Fighters to Kill US, UK Troops in Afghanistan.
  104. The Russian Invasion of the Crimean Peninsula, 2014–2015: A Post–Cold War Nuclear Crisis Case Study.
  105. The Russian Revolution: The Problem of Dictatorship
  106. The Russia-Ukraine War and Its Legal and Political Implications
  107. Sanctions War: Russia Cuts Off Gas Supply to Latvia
  108. The War in Ukraine Will End, and That’s When We’ll See the True Tensions in Europe
  109. Fact-Checking Putin’s Claims that Ukraine and Russia Are ‘One People’
  110. The Ripple Effects of Russia's War in Ukraine Are Changing the World
  111. The War on Ukraine: The Beginning of the End of Putin’s Russia
  112. Timeline of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
  113. Eighth Russian General Killed in Ukraine
  114. Biden Calls Russian Atrocities 'Genocide'
  115. Images of Russia-Ukraine War
  116. Pentagon Accuses Russia of 'War Crimes,' Vows to Assist With Evidence Collection
  117. Pentagon Says 'Clear Evidence' Russia Is Committing War Crimes. Could Putin Be Prosecuted?
  118. NATO's Relations with Russia and Ukraine
  119. Decision to Invade Ukraine Raises Questions over Putin’s ‘Sense of Reality’
  120. The Wagner Group, the Brutal Private Army of Russian Mercenaries.
  121. Amid Ukraine Crisis, China and Russia's Bond Alarms U.S. and Europe
  122. Xi Jinping Backs Vladimir Putin Against US, NATO on Ukraine
  123. Britain Warns Putin and Xi: West Will Stand up to 'Dictatorship'
  124. China and Russia Biggest Cyber Offenders Since 2006, Report Shows
  125. China and Russia: Economic Unequals
  126. From Gorbachev to Putin
  127. On the Putin System: How a Dictator Maintains His Power
  128. A Vision for Russia
  129. Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine
  130. The Dictatorship of Law in Russia
  131. Are Russia and China the Best of Friends Now? It’s Complicated, Analysts Say
  132. Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests
  133. U.S. 'Deeply Concerned' by Navalny Sentence: Blinken
  134. EU Calls for Immediate Release of Navalny
  135. Germany Condemns Jail Sentence Handed to Kremlin Critic Navalny
  136. Kremlin Critic Alexey Navalny Handed Jail Term, Prompting Protests Across Russia.
  137. Protests Swell in Russia's Far East in a Stark New Challenge.
  138. Protesters in Russia's Far East Challenge Putin's Authority.
  139. Putin Looks to Cement Power.
  140. Spies and Commandos Warned Months Ago of Russian.
  141. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Russia .
  142. Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties.
  143. Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests.
  144. The Dictatorship of Law in Russia: Neither Dictatorship, Nor Rule of Law
  145. Kaspersky Lab Has Been Working With Russian Intelligence.
  146. The Real Paranoia-Inducing Purpose of Russian Hacks
  147. Concern Over Barrage of Fake Russian news in Sweden.
  148. The Reality Behind Russia's Fake News.
  149. The Russo-Ukrainian Conflict
  150. War in Ukraine: A Geopolitical Analysis
  151. Politics of Ukraine.
  152. Pro-Russian Insurgents Retreat in Ukraine's East.
  153. Failing Ukraine State Plays in to Russia's Hands.
  154. A New Day in Ukraine: Political Uncertainty Sweeps Divided Nation.
  155. The Ukrainian Crisis - A Disputed Past and Present (2014)
  156. Anti-Protest Laws in Ukraine.
  157. Ukraine News Headlines | Reuters
  158. Ukraine Expects Renewed Russian Offensive Later in February 2023
  159. Ukraine War: 80% of Troops Killed or Injured in Elite Military Unit
  160. Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and U.S. Policy (2021)
  161. Ukraine: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report.
  162. Ukraine's Orange Revolution and U.S. Policy.
  163. Ukraine Crisis - News on Russia's Military Aggression in Ukraine
  164. Ukraine-Russia Crisis: As Tensions Rise on the Border ...
  165. Ukraine: Military Report Says Russia Boosted Troops to 120,000 near Border
  166. Ukraine's Political Crisis and U.S. Policy Issues.
  167. Ukraine Parliament Boss Takes Presidential Powers.
  168. Ukrainian Protesters Take Control of Presidential Offices in Kiev.
  169. Ukraine's Revolution: Making Sense of a Year of Chaos.
  170. Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy.
  171. Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives
  172. The Ukraine-Russia War
  173. The Ukraine-Russia Conflict - Signals and Scenarios for the Broader Region
  174. Dictatorship Sows Division in Nagorno-Karabakh
  175. Ruling by Fear: Armenia's Descent into Dictatorship and the Rise of Resistance
  176. Protests in Armenia: Democratic Death Throes or a New Dawn.
  177. Politics of Armenia.
  178. Armenia's Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications for U.S. Interests.
  179. Armenia Political Party Assessment
  180. Armenia's Struggle for Democracy and Rights
  181. Armenia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report.
  182. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests.
  183. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Security Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests
  184. Azerbaijan's October 2008 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications
  185. Human Rights in Azerbaijan
  186. Azerbaijan: Freedom in the World Report (2020)
  187. Azerbaijan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report.
  188. World Report 2019: Azerbaijan
  189. 'Azerbaijan Is Turning into a Dictatorship
  190. Azerbaijan - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices (2019)
  191. Azerbaijan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests.
  192. Politics of Belarus.
  193. Human Rights in Belarus.
  194. Explained: The Role of Belarus in the Russia-Ukraine War
  195. Deep Unease in Belarus over Country's Role in Russian Invasion of Ukraine
  196. Belarusian Foreign Policy in a Time of Crisis
  197. Belarusian Political Parties: Organizational Structures and Practices
  198. Belarus-Russia Relations After the Ukraine Conflict
  199. Belarus: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report.
  200. Belarus's Role in War on Ukraine
  201. Belarus' Fight for a Democratic Future
  202. Belarus: 20 Years Under Dictatorship and a Revolution Behind
  203. Belarus: Mass Protest Eclipses Defiant Belarus Leader's Rally (8/2020).
  204. Belarus: Tens of Thousands Protest in Minsk.
  205. Belarus Protests: 'We Can Breathe for the First Time in Our Lives'.
  206. Belarus: Background and U.S. Policy Concerns.
  207. The House That Lukashenko Built - The Foundation, Evolution, and Future of the Belarusian Regime
  208. Tensions Are Rising on the Poland-Belarus Border. What You Need to Know
  209. The Poland-Belarus Border Crisis Is a Harbinger of Migration's Future
  210. Politics of Estonia
  211. Estonia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report
  212. Estonia: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report
  213. Estonia Keeps Its Freedom Score Despite Far-Right Gains
  214. Estonia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy.
  215. Georgia [Republic]: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests.
  216. Politics of Georgia (Country).
  217. Georgia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report.
  218. Georgia: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report.
  219. Georgia's October 2013 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications.
  220. Georgia's October 2012 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications.
  221. Georgia's January 2008 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications
  222. Kyrgyzstan's Japarov Calls for Unity
  223. Human Rights in Kyrgyzstan.
  224. Kyrgyzstan Politics
  225. Kyrgyzstan: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report
  226. Kyrgyzstan: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report
  227. Democracy in Kyrgyzstan
  228. Civil Society, Religion and Development in Kyrgyzstan
  229. Kazakhstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests.
  230. Kyrgyzstan's Constitutional Crisis: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests.
  231. Coup in Kyrgyzstan: Developments and Implications.
  232. Kyrgyzstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
  233. The April 2010 Coup in Kyrgyzstan: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests
  234. Kyrgyzstan and the Status of the U.S. Manas Airbase: Context and Implications/li>
  235. Coup in Kyrgyzstan (2005)
  236. Current Political, Economic, and Social Challenges in Tajikistan
  237. Tajikistan: The Country that Just Voted to Allow its President to Rule Forever
  238. Repression and Persecution Under Tajikistan's Authoritarian Regime
  239. Tajikistan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report
  240. Tajikistan: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report
  241. Tajikistan Moves to Institutionalize Dictatorship
  242. Tajik Autocrat Mints 'Democracy' Medal Bearing His Own Image
  243. Tajikistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
  244. Tajikistan's Constitutional Referendum: Legitimating de Facto Dictatorship
  245. Politics of Turkmenistan.
  246. Totalitarianism: The Case of Turkmenistan
  247. Turkmenistan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report.
  248. Turkmenistan: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report.
  249. World Report 2019: Turkmenistan.
  250. Cracks in the Marble: Turkmenistan's Failing Dictatorship
  251. Turkmenistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests.
  252. Turkmenistan's Political Succession: Developments and Implications.
  253. Turkmenistan at Twenty-Five: The High Price of Authoritarianism
  254. Politics of Uzbekistan.
  255. There Won't be Political Reform in Uzbekistan
  256. Uzbekistan Holds a Semi-Serious Election
  257. Human Rights in Uzbekistan.
  258. Uzbekistan: 16-Year Sentence in Autonomous Region Protests
  259. Uzbekistan's Freedoms Are Slowly Expanding
  260. Uzbekistan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report
  261. Uzbekistan: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report
  262. Questions Over Uzbekistan's New Era of 'Openness'
  263. Unrest in Uzbekistan: Context and Implications.
  264. Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests.
  265. The Forgotten War: Chechnya and Russia’s Future
  266. Chechnya: The Causes of a Protracted Post-Soviet Conflict
  267. Russian-Chechnya Ethnic Conflict
  268. Russia, Iran, and the Conflict in Chechnya
  269. Vladimir Putin and the Chechen War
  270. Armed Conflicts Report - Russia (Chechnya)
  271. Russia in Afghanistan and Chechnya: Military …
  272. Stability in Russia's Chechnya and Other Regions of the North Caucasus: Recent Developments
  273. The Use of Force in Chechnya: An Exploration through Track-Two Diplomacy
  274. Bringing Peace to Chechnya? Assessments and Implications.
  275. Constitutional/Political Reform Process in Georgia, in Armenia and Azerbaijan: Political Elite and Voices of the People
  276. The Changing Face of Eurasia
  277. 10's of Thousands Protest Against Putin in Russian Far East
  278. 10 ways the Russia-Ukraine War Will Change the World
▷ East Europe: How, What, Who & Why
  1. How Does Russia's War in Ukraine End?.
  2. How Ukraine Is Innovating Soviet-era Weapons for a 21st Century Battleground.
  3. How the War in Ukraine Could Change the World Forever.
  4. How 50 Days of Russia’s War in Ukraine Changed the World.
  5. How Vladimir Putin Became the World’s Favorite Dictator.
  6. How Vladimir Putin Controls Russia
  7. How Putin’s War Weakens Russia
  8. How Rich Is Russian Leader Vladimir Putin?
  9. How America Helped Make Vladimir Putin Dictator for Life
  10. How Russian Hackers Used Popular Kaspersky Antivirus to Steal U.S Secrets.
  11. How Ukraine's Orange Revolution Shaped Twenty-first Century
  12. How Real Is the Russian Threat to the Baltic States?
  13. What to Know About Why Russia Attacked
  14. What to Know About the Wagner Group, a 'Brutal' Russian Military Group Fighting in Ukraine
  15. What Type of Government Does Russia Have?
  16. What Is Behind Ukraine's Political Crisis?
  17. What Is the Wagner Group?
  18. What Is Russia's Wagner Group of Mercenaries in Ukraine?
  19. What Is Behind the Belarus Protests?.
  20. What Is Behind Russian Support for Putin's War in Ukraine?
  21. What Is Happening in Belarus?
  22. What Is the F-16 Fighter Jet and Why Does Ukraine Want It?
  23. What Are the Sanctions on Russia and Are They Hurting Its Economy?
  24. What Are Putin's Intentions in Ukraine?
  25. What Does Navalny's Jail Sentence Mean?
  26. What Do Average Russians Think of Putin?
  27. What Does Russia Want With Ukraine?
  28. What the U.S. Military Is Doing in Response to Russia’s Actions in Ukraine
  29. What Russia Wants in Ukraine
  30. What We Know About Alexei Navalny's Death in Arctic Circle Prison
  31. What You Need to Know About Tensions Between Ukraine and Russia
  32. What Effects Have Sanctions Had on the Russian Economy?
  33. When Will the War in Ukraine End? and How?
  34. Where Do India, China, and the US Stand on Ukraine-Russia War?
  35. Which Countries Are Russia's Allies During Russia-Ukraine War?
  36. Who Would Win If Russia Invaded Ukraine
  37. Who Is Mr. Putin?
  38. Who Are Russia's Mercenary Wagner Group?
  39. Who Are Russia’s Supporters?
  40. Why Democracy Didn't Work in Russia
  41. Why Russians Love Putin
  42. Why Russia Wants Crimea
  43. Why the Russia-Iran Alliance Will Backfire: Whither Iran?
  44. Why Ukraine Is Such a Big Deal for Russia
  45. Why Russia Wants to Keep Ukraine All to Itself
  46. Why Russia Could Be Trying to Invade Ukraine — and How Biden Could Stop It
  47. Why Russia Will Invade Ukraine
  48. Why Russia’s Troop Surge Near Ukraine May Really Be a Message to the West
  49. Why Are Russia and Ukraine Fighting?
  50. Why Are Tensions Between Russia and Ukraine Ratcheting Up?
  51. Why Are US-Russia Relations So Challenging?
  52. Why Many in Russia Are Reluctant to Have Sputnik Vaccine
  53. Why Russia's Economy Is Headed for Trouble
  54. Why So Many Russians Like the Soviet Dictator, Joseph Stalin
  55. Why Poison Is the Weapon of Choice in Putin’s Russia
  56. Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault - The Liberal Delusions That Provoked Putin (2014)
  57. Why Russia Is Attacking Ukraine: Putin's Justifications for Invasion (2022)
  58. Why Has Russia Invaded Ukraine and What Does Putin Want?
  59. Why Putin Invaded Ukraine: Russia's Leader Goes to War after Stoking Conflict
  60. Why Russia's Putin Uses WWII to Justify Attacks in Ukraine
  61. Why Does Russia Want Ukraine?
  62. Why Did Russia Invade Ukraine?
  63. Why Did Russia Invade Ukraine? The Conflict Explained in 10 Points
  64. Why Russia Attacks Ukraine?
  65. Why Belarus Is So Involved in Russia's Invasion of Ukraine
  66. Why Is Belarus Supporting Russia and How Is It Involved in Ukraine?
  67. Why Belarus Matters for the Russia-Ukraine War
  68. Why the Russian Military Is Bogged Down by Logistics in Ukraine
  69. Why Would Islamic State Attack Russia and What Does This Mean for the Terrorism Threat Globally?
▷ North America
  1. Protesters Stage Sit-in Outside New York Stock Exchange to Spotlight Gaza Attacks
  2. “Stop Profiting Off Genocide”: 200 Arrested at Jewish Voice for Peace Protest at NY Stock Exchange
  3. Republicans Try to Reframe January 6 as a Sightseeing Tour – Will It Work? - US Capitol Attack
  4. Singin’ The Coups: Donald Trump Releases Single with January 6 Prisoners
  5. Now the Chinese ‘Spy Balloon’ Is Down, the Question Is: What Was It for? - Surveillance
  6. U.S. Downs Chinese Spy Balloon, Ending Chapter in a Diplomatic Crisis
  7. U.S. Downs Chinese Spy balloon Off Carolinas Coast
  8. Ukraine War: US to Provide Long-Range Missiles in Latest Aid Package
  9. US Expected to Announce $2.2 Billion Ukraine Aid Package that Includes Longer-Range Missiles
  10. America’s Biggest Issues
  11. America’s Most Popular Political Issues
  12. American Government and Politics in the Information Age
  13. Contemporary Issues in US Politics
  14. The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA): Origin, Characteristics, and Institutional Authorities
  15. Niskanen Center, the Most Interesting Think Tank in Politics
  16. Politics in the USA
  17. Understanding American Politics and Government
  18. United States Politics and Government
  19. Introducing Government in America
  20. Basics of American Government
  21. U.S. Role in the World: Background and Issues for Congress
  22. The Future of US Policy Toward China: Recommendations for the Biden Administration
  23. Trump and Democracy in America
  24. Trust in Government in the Trump Era
  25. The Trump Presidency and the Structure of Modern American Politics
  26. Americans See China as the Biggest Threat to the United States, Not Russia
  27. The Economic State of Black America
  28. These Countries Are Surprisingly Anti-American -- and Here's Why
  29. African American Inequality in the United States
  30. Racism in America | Harvard
  31. Race in America
  32. Race and Policing
  33. Gen Z: Most Important Political Issues U.S.
  34. U.S. Policy Towards Africa Under Trump
  35. Trump's Foreign Policy: A Victory for the Deep State
  36. The History of American Police Brutality
  37. Police Brutality in the United States
  38. A Look at Police Brutality in America
  39. Racial Reconciliation, Truth-telling, and Police Legitimacy
  40. Law Enforcement and Violence: The Divide between Black and White Americans
  41. Police Violence Against Afro-descendants in the United States
  42. Racial Inequality
  43. The Evolving Strategy of Police: A Minority View
  44. Race, Power and Policy: Dismantling Structural Racism
  45. U.S. Image Plummets Internationally as Most Say Country Has Handled Coronavirus Badly
  46. The World Is Trapped in America's Culture War.
  47. China Tells Tech Manufacturers to Stop Using Micron Chips, Stepping up Feud With United States
  48. US-China Chip War: America Is Winning
  49. The US-China Chip War Is Spilling Over to Europe
  50. US Chip Controls Threaten China's Technology Ambitions
  51. The Threat Posed by the Chinese Government and ...
  52. Trump Will Continue to Punish China for Its Horrifying Anti-Uighur Campaign.
  53. US Consulate in Chengdu (China) Officially Closes.
  54. A Quick Guide to the US-China Trade War.
  55. Trump's Trade War Timeline: An Up-to-Date Guide.
  56. U.S. Policy Toward China.
  57. Timeline: U.S. Relations With China 1949–2020.
  58. Mississippi House Passes Bill to Change State Flag.
  59. U.S. Leaves W.H.O., and Moves to Strip Hong Kong of Special U.S. Relationship.
  60. U.S. Withdraws from World Health Organization and Announces New Broadsides Against Beijing.
  61. C.I.A. Hunts for Authentic Virus Totals in China.
  62. U.S. Withdrawal from Syria Hands a Victory to Iran.
  63. Trump White House to Look Into China's Trade Practices.
  64. U.S. Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China (2019).
  65. Trump's Move on China Counterfeiting, Piracy Aimed at Protecting ...
  66. Trump Opens Door to Investigating China's 'Theft' of U.S. Intellectual ...
  67. Women's March (Jan 21, 2017) on Washington DC - Crowd Size & Movement.
  68. US Goes After More Than $1B Taken from Malaysian Fund.
  69. Can the United States and China De-conflict in Cyberspace?.
  70. Reducing and Managing U.S.-China Conflict in Cyberspace.
  71. U.S. Third Fleet Expands East Asia Role as Tensions Rise with China.
  72. Fact Checking President Trumps Inaugural Address (1/20/2017).
  73. History of Gun Control in U.S.
  74. The Genetics of Politics - Body Politic.
  75. Feeling Typecast, Madam Secretary?
  76. Everything We Know About How the NSA Tracks People's Physical Location.
  77. U.S. Intelligence Chief: China Top Suspect in Government Agency Hacks.
  78. Stop and Seize in the United States (Under the federal Equitable Sharing Program, police have seized $2.5 billion since 2001 from people who were not charged with a crime and without a warrant being issued).
  79. U.S. Senators to Obama: Do Something About Hong Kong.
  80. Members of U.S. Congress Press D.C. to Rename Street by Chinese Embassy After Jailed Activist.
  81. South China Sea: US Warship Sails Near Disputed Island.
  82. China Stalls Move to Quell Asia Disputes Over Territory.
  83. U.S., China Differences Over Asia Territorial Disputes on Sharp Display.
  84. U.S. Accuses China of Cyber Spying on American Companies.
  85. U.S. Navy Alarmed at Beijing’s ‘Great Wall of Sand’ in South China Sea.
  86. U.S. Flies Two Warplanes over East China Sea, Ignoring new Chinese Air Defense Zone.
  87. U.S., China Differences Over Asia Territorial Disputes on Sharp Display.
  88. Previewing the U.S.- EU Dialogue on China
  89. U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union.
  90. Cut-to-Length Carbon Steel Plate from China, Russia, and Ukraine
  91. Hono­lulu After Pearl Harbor.
  92. In Asia, Obama Takes Softer Tone on Human Rights, Corruption.
  93. The Politics of Health Reform (in the US): Friend or Foe?
  94. CNN Commentary: GOP's Problem With Hispanics.
  95. Cheney Criticizes Former Boss: Disappointed With Final Years in White House.
  96. Federal Political Scandals in the United States
  97. Securing U.S. Diplomatic Facilities and Personnel Abroad: Legislative and Executive Branch Initiatives
  98. Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy
  99. State, Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts
  100. Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) Negotiations
  101. Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy
  102. "Leahy Law" Human Rights Provisions and Security Assistance: Issue Overview
  103. State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2014 Budget and Appropriations
  104. Millennium Challenge Corporation
  105. The Budget Control Act, Sequestration, and the Foreign Affairs Budget: Background and Possible Impacts
  106. The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress
  107. U.S. Textile Manufacturing and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations
  108. Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress
  109. Securing U.S. Diplomatic Facilities and Personnel Abroad: Background and Policy Issues
  110. The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
  111. Promoting Global Internet Freedom: Policy and Technology
  112. International Drug Control Policy: Background and U.S. Responses
  113. International Crises and Disasters: U.S. Humanitarian Assistance Response Mechanisms
  114. Trafficking in Persons: International Dimensions and Foreign Policy Issues for Congress
  115. Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP): In Brief
  116. The International Whaling Convention (IWC) and Legal Issues Related to Aboriginal Rights
  117. Hague Convention Treaty on Recovery of International Child Support and H.R. 1896
  118. U.S. Global Health Assistance: Background and Issues for the 113th Congress
  119. The United States and Europe: Responding to Change in the Middle East and North Africa
  120. Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis
  121. The United Nations Human Rights Council: Issues for Congress
  122. U.S. International Investment Agreements: Issues for Congress
  123. The Berne Union: An Overview
  124. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
  125. NAFTA at 20: Overview and Trade Effects
  126. International Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress
  127. Trafficking in Persons: U.S. Policy and Issues for Congress
  128. Does Foreign Aid Work? Efforts to Evaluate U.S. Foreign Assistance
  129. Foreign Aid: International Donor Coordination of Development Assistance
  130. Senkaku (Diaoyu/Diaoyutai) Islands Dispute: U.S. Treaty Obligations
  131. Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF): Summary and Issue Overview
  132. United Nations System Funding: Congressional Issues
  133. United Nations Regular Budget Contributions: Members Compared, 1990-2010
  134. Rising Economic Powers and U.S. Trade Policy
  135. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Vladivostok, Russia: Postscript
  136. In Brief: State Department Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (CSO)
  137. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Vladivostok, Russia: A Preview
  138. The Jackson-Vanik Amendment and Candidate Countries for WTO Accession: Issues for Congress
  139. State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2013 Budget and Appropriations
  140. Rio+20: The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, June 2012
  141. The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
  142. Fact Sheet: The FY2013 State and Foreign Operations Budget Request
  143. Building Civilian Interagency Capacity for Missions Abroad: Key Proposals and Issues for Congress
  144. State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2012 Budget and Appropriations
  145. International Trade: Rules of Origin
  146. United Nations Reform: U.S. Policy and International Perspectives
  147. The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement
  148. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Honolulu: A Preview
  149. Foreign Operations Appropriations: General Provisions
  150. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations
  151. U.N. System Development Assistance: Issues for Congress
  152. The UNESCO World Heritage Convention: Congressional Issues
  153. United Nations System Efforts to Address Violence Against Women
  154. The U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): Issues in the U.S. Ratification Debate
  155. Foreign Assistance: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
  156. U.S. Global Food Security Funding, FY2010-FY2012
  157. State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations
  158. International Criminal Court and the Rome Statute: 2010 Review Conference
  159. Fact Sheet: The FY2012 State and Foreign Operations Budget Request
  160. Foreign Aid Reform, National Strategy, and the Quadrennial Review
  161. United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
  162. Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy
  163. U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea: Living Resources Provisions
  164. The Future of U.S. Trade Policy: An Analysis of Issues and Options for the 112th Congress
  165. U.S. Refugee Resettlement Assistance
  166. U.S. Initiatives to Promote Global Internet Freedom: Issues, Policy, and Technology
  167. The Millenium Development Goals: The September 2010 U.N. High-level Meeting
  168. A New United Nations Entity for Women: Issues for Congress
  169. The 2009 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings and U.S. Trade Policy in Asia
  170. State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations
  171. U.S. Public Diplomacy: Background and Current Issues
  172. Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: a Possible Role for Congress
  173. Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: Background and Analysis
  174. Foreign Aid Reform: Agency Coordination
  175. Foreign Aid Reform: Studies and Recommendations
  176. U.S. Accession to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC)
  177. The Global Peace Operations Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress
  178. USAID's Office of Transition Initiatives After 15 Years: Issues for Congress
  179. State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2009 Appropriations
  180. The 2009 U.N. Durban Review Conference: Follow-Up to the 2001 U.N. World Conference Against Racism
  181. U.S. Foreign Aid to East and South Asia: Selected Recipients
  182. Proposals for a New Foreign Service Compensation System in the 110th Congress
  183. Weak and Failing States: Evolving Security Threats and U.S. Policy
  184. FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for International Affairs
  185. Democracy Promotion: Cornerstone of U.S. Foreign Policy?
  186. State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2008 Appropriations
  187. Foreign Aid Reform: Issues for Congress and Policy Options
  188. The U.N. Law of the Sea Convention and the United States: Developments Since October 2003
  189. Diplomacy for the 21st Century: Transformational Diplomacy
  190. U.S. Strategic and Defense Relationships in the Asia-Pacific Region
  191. State Department and Related Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations and FY2007 Request
  192. Restructuring U.S. Foreign Aid: The Role of the Director of Foreign Assistance
  193. The Jackson-Vanik Amendment: A Survey
  194. Foreign Operations (House)/State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Senate): FY2006 Appropriations
  195. Foreign Aid: Understanding Data Used to Compare Donors
  196. U.S. International Trade: Data and Forecasts
  197. Republic of the Marshall Islands "Changed Circumstances Petition" to Congress
  198. International Financial Institutions: Funding U.S. Participation
  199. Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy
  200. Rising Energy Competition and Energy Security in Northeast Asia: Issues for U.S. Policy
  201. Hardeep Singh Nijjar: Canada Expels Indian Diplomat over 'Credible Allegations' Linking India's Government to Killing on Canadian Soli
  202. Canada Told Allies Before Sharing Allegations About India over B.C. Killing: Trudeau
  203. Ng postpones Canada Trade Mission to India Amid Strained Relations
  204. Chinese 'Influence' and 'Intelligence Threat' (Canada) Outlined in Declassified 25-year-old CSIS-RCMP Report
  205. Politics of Canada.
  206. Canada: Federalism, Multiculturalism, Provinces
  207. Canada: Political System.
  208. Canada Polls.
  209. Canada: History, Population, Immigration, Capital, & Currency
  210. Canada’s Bombshell Political Deal Is Impossible to Predict ...
  211. Canadian Democracy Is Broken.
  212. Canada Calls Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference.
  213. Canada’s Startling Claim Punctuates Tension With India Over Separatists
  214. Pierre Poilievre Is the Man Who Could Beat Trudeau.
  215. Court Orders Review of Former Informant's Human Rights Complaint Against Spy Agency
  216. Canada Commits $33 Million to Buy Air Defence Equipment for Ukraine
  217. MPs Say Democracy Is Fraying in Canada — But There's Hope
  218. Self-Control in Politics Is a Boring Virtue — and an Absolutely Necessary One
  219. Mexico Is on Course to Elect Its First Woman President.
  220. Mexico President Defends Russia Participation in Military Parade
  221. Politics of Mexico.
  222. Mexico: Federalism, Constitution, Autonomy
  223. Mexico's Democracy Is Crumbling Under AMLO.
  224. Democracy in Mexico: The Past, Present, and Future
  225. Economic and Political Overview of Mexico.
  226. Data Leak Exposes Mexico Military Corruption, Including Collusion with Drug Cartels
  227. Mexico and the Gods of Corruption
  228. Corruption in Mexico
  229. Mexico: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report
  230. Mexico Takes Another Step Toward Its Authoritarian Past
  231. Mexico: The Slippery Road to Stability
  232. Mexico's President Leads Supporters in March Through Capital
  233. At Least 88 Politicians Have Been Killed in Mexico Since September 2020
  234. Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: Overview of U.S. Implementation and International Court of Justice (ICJ) Interpretation of Consular Notification Requirements
  235. Restructuring Inequality Intergroup Race Relations Report.
  236. 5 Top Countries That Don't Like the U.S.A. & the Top 5 Countries That Do.
  237. 7 Top Issues Impacting Canada in 2022.
  238. 10 Countries That Hate the United States the Most.
  239. 20 Countries That Hate Tourists from the United States.
  240. 21 Greatest Moments of Barack Obama as US President.
  241. 44th President » Second 100 Days.
  242. 47 Interesting Facts about U.S. Presidential Elections.
  243. 56 Interesting Facts About the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election.
  244. ~1,000 Instances of Police Brutality Recorded in the U.S. Anti-racism Protests
▷ Caribbean
  1. Crime, Violence, and Development: Trends, Costs, and Policy Options in the Caribbean
  2. Sovereign States and Dependent Territories in the Caribbean
  3. Sovereign States in the Caribbean
  4. Dependent Territories in the Caribbean
  5. Government of Antigua and Barbuda
  6. The Bahamas's Profile & Its Constitution
  7. 1973: Bahamas' Sun Sets on British Empire
  8. Barbados's Profile
  9. Barbados Bid Farewell to the Queen and Celebrate the Birth of a Republic
  10. Cuba's Profile & Its Constitution
  11. Cuba Admits to Massive Emigration Wave: A Million People Left in Two Years Amid Crisis
  12. Dominica 1978 (rev. 1984) Constitution
  13. Facts About Dominica
  14. Dominican Republic's Profile
  15. Grenada's Profile
  16. Government of Grenada
  17. Haiti's Profile
  18. Haiti in Upheaval: President Moïse Assassinated at Home
  19. As Violence in Haiti Worsens, Canada Bets on Assistance to Police
  20. Haiti Gang Attack Leaves at least 70 Dead Including Children
  21. Jamaica's Facts at a Glance
  22. Jamaica's Profile
  23. Saint Kitts and Nevis's Profile & Its 1983 Constitution
  24. St Kitts History
  25. Saint Lucia's Profile
  26. History of Saint Lucia
  27. Saint Lucia's Constitutional Amendment
  28. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: History, Geography, People, & Culture
  29. St Vincent and the Grenadines Profile - Leaders
  30. Trinidad and Tobago's Profiles
  31. Anguilla's Profiles
  32. Anguilla: Caribbean Island Paradise & British Overseas Territory
  33. Aruba's Profiles
  34. British Virgin Islands's Profiles
  35. The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007
  36. Curacao's Profiles
  37. Montserrat's Profiles
  38. Change of Governor of Montserrat: Sarah Tucker
  39. The U.S. Territories Introduction: American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico
  40. Puerto Rico Senate Declares Spanish over English as First Official Language
  41. Puerto Rico's Fact Sheet
  42. Saint Barthelemy's Profiles
  43. St Barts History
  44. Government of Sint Maarten Information
  45. Turks and Caicos Islands's Profiles
  46. UK Overseas Territories: Toponymic Information
  47. Virgin Islands's Profiles
▷ South America
  1. Behind Latin America’s Protests, a Fading Faith in Democracy .
  2. Divisive Politics and Democratic Dangers in Latin America.
  3. Latin American Democracy May Be in Trouble. The Protests Are ....
  4. Latin America’s New Turbulence.
  5. Politics and Development: Lessons from Latin America.
  6. The Quality of Democracies in Latin America.
  7. Free Politics and Free Markets in Latin America.
  8. Political Change in Latin America.
  9. Democracy in Latin America.
  10. State and Political Reforms in Latin America.
  11. Timeline of US-Latin American Relations Since 1823.
  12. The U.S. Policy of Democracy Promotion in Latin America.
  13. Dictatorship in Latin America.
  14. Dictatorship and Democracy in Latin America.
  15. Global Banks and Latin American Dictators, 1974–1982
  16. Key Dictators from 20th Century Latin America.
  17. The Past, Present, and Future of Corruption in Latin America.
  18. Corruption in South America.
  19. Corruption and Corrosion in Latin America.
  20. Controlling Political Corruption in Latin America.
  21. Police Misconduct and Democracy in Latin America.
  22. The Politics of Corruption in Latin America.
  23. The Fight Against Corruption in Latin America.
  24. The Growing Divide Between the Least and Most Corrupt Latin American Countries.
  25. Ringing the Changes: Combating Corruption in South America.
  26. The State of Corruption in Latin America.
  27. Latin American Democracy Is Crumbling Under Corruption.
  28. New Challenges to Growth in Latin America & the Caribbean.
  29. Charges of Autocratic Rule in Bolivia.
  30. U.S.-Latin America Relations.
  31. Challenges to Political Representation in Contemporary Chile.
  32. The Geography of Dictatorship and Support for Democracy.
  33. Chile's Crisis: A Legacy of Pinochet.
  34. Freedom of Expression and the Public Debate in Chile.
  35. Transitioning to Democracy: The Role of the Right in Chile and Argentina.
  36. Life or Death Choices for Women Living Under Honduras’ Abortion Ban.
  37. The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay.
  38. Panama Papers: Mossack Fonseca Leak Reveals Elite's Tax Havens.
  39. Latin America's Relationship With China.
  40. Politics of Venezuela
  41. Colombia Protests: UN Calls for Investigation into Cali Deaths.
  42. Thousands of Colombians Protest Petro's Economic, Social Reforms
  43. In Colombia, a Leftist and a Right-Wing Populist Move on to June Runoff
  44. Gustavo Petro and Francia Márquez: A New Era for Colombia
  45. The Politics of Corruption in Venezuela
  46. Political Corruption in Venezuela
  47. Political Culture of Democracy in Venezuela
  48. Corruption in Venezuela
  49. The Corruption of Democracy in Venezuela
  50. The Devastating Venezuelan Crisis
  51. Venezuela in Crisis: A Way Forward
  52. Venezuela: Popular Sovereignty versus Democracy
  53. Venezuela: A Path out of Misery
  54. Venezuela and the Challenge of a New Democratic Transition
  55. Venezuela: The Rise and Fall of a Petrostate
  56. Venezuela: Political Changes in the Chávez Era
  57. The Fall of Democracy and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Venezuela
  58. Can Venezuela's Socialist Government Survive Wave of Protests?
  59. Political Corruption and Democracy in Contemporary Brazil
  60. The Political Economy of Corruption in Brazil
  61. Corruption: Brazil's Everlasting Parasite
  62. Corona Crisis and Political Confrontation in Brazil
  63. Lula Sworn in as Brazil President as Predecessor Bolsonaro Flies to US
  64. Brazil Election: Brazil Elects Lula, a Leftist Former Leader, in a Rebuke of Bolsonaro
  65. Brazil: Democracy and Corruption
  66. Brazil: Democracy at Stake
  67. Democracy and Growth in Brazil
  68. Democratization in Brazil
  69. Democratic Consolidation and Human Rights in Brazil
  70. Impeachment, Political Crisis and Democracy in Brazil
  71. The Perfect Dictatorship? Comparing Authoritarian Rule in South Korea and in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico
  72. Democratization, Political Performance, and Income Distribution in Argentina and Brazil Distribution in Argentina and Brazil
  73. Civil Engagement in Argentina After the Last Dictatorship
  74. Introduction to Argentine Exceptionalism
  75. Far-right Populist Javier Milei Elected President of Argentina
  76. Corruption in Argentina.
  77. The Political Dynamics of Corruption Scandals in Argentina.
  78. The Argentina of the 20th Century in the Hoover Archives.
  79. Corruption Scandals and Anti-Corruption Policies in Argentina
  80. The Radicalization of President Alberto Fernández in Argentina
  81. Is Argentina's Democracy in Danger?.
  82. Human Rights in Argentina.
  83. Neoliberalism in Argentina and Chile
  84. The Rise and Fall of Argentina
  85. Argentina to Dissolve Intelligence Body after Prosecutor Death.
  86. Argentina: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report
  87. Argentina's Delegative Democracy: A Case Study
  88. Argentina's Quarter Century Experiment with Neoliberalism
  89. Argentina and the New Pattern of Political Instability in Latin America
  90. History of Latin America - Impact of the Cuban Revolution.
  91. Corruption in Cuba.
  92. Politics of Cuba.
  93. Cuba: The Dictatorship and the ‘Blockade’ Lie
  94. Cuba: Fidel Castro's Record of Repression
  95. Cuba: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report.
  96. Background to Revolution: The Batista Dictatorship and the Decline of Democracy in Cuba
  97. The Lasting Effects of U.S. Intervention in Guatemala.
  98. Against the Odds CICIG in Guatemala.
  99. Elites, Criminal Networks and Institutional Reform in Guatemala.
  100. World Report 2019: Guatemala.
  101. Political Culture of Democracy in Guatemala.
  102. The Guatemalan Presidential Election (2019).
  103. Guatemala's Rios Montt Found Guilty of Genocide.
  104. Guatemala: Political, Security, and Socio-Economic.
  105. Background on the Guatemalan Coup of 1954.
  106. Ecuador Country Report (2020).
  107. Ecuador: An Overview.
  108. Ecuador: Trials with Democracy.
  109. Democratic Legitimacy in the Americas and in Ecuador.
  110. Political Culture of Democracy in Ecuador (2010).
  111. 10 Countries, 10 Challenges in South America.
  112. 20 Pictures of Cuba Through My Lens.
  113. 31 Countries That Hate Americans.
  114. 60 Years of Revolution, 60 Years of Oppression in Cuba.
▷ North & South America: How, What, Who & Why
  1. How a Russian Invasion of Ukraine Could Affect Americans | NPR
  2. How NRA’s True Believers Converted a Marksmanship Group into a Mighty Gun Lobby.
  3. How Americans See the State of Race Relations
  4. How Socialism Failed Venezuela.
  5. How Much Aid Has the U.S. Sent Ukraine?
  6. What Happened on 6 January 2021? - US Capitol Riots Timeline
  7. What People Think: Corruption in Latin America & the Caribbean.
  8. What Is the Difference? - Comparing U.S. and Chinese Trade Data
  9. What Is Canada's Political System?
  10. What Is Going on in South America? Understanding the Wave of Protests.
  11. What Are the Most Corrupt Countries in Latin America?.
  12. What Went Right (and Wrong) in Latin America’s Anti-Corruption Fight.
  13. What the Ecuadorian Anti-Corruption Agency Can Learn from International Good Practice.
  14. When It Comes to China, Americans Think Like Trump.
  15. Which Countries Don’t Like America and Which Do (2014)
  16. 'Why Not Have Universal Background Checks for All Gun Sales?'
  17. Why Is South America in Turmoil? An Overview.
  18. Why Colombia's Protests Are Unlikely to Fizzle Out.
  19. Why Uruguay Finished First in Our Anti-Corruption Ranking.
  20. Why US Friends India and UAE Won't Back Biden Against Russia on Ukraine.
  21. Why American Companies Choose China Over Everyone Else.
  22. Why the US Delayed China Sanctions After Shooting Down a Spy Balloon.
▷ Africa
  1. Africans Think Their Governments Aren’t Fighting Corruption Hard Enough
  2. Women’s Rights in Uganda: Gaps Between Policy and Practice
  3. The Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa: An Instrument for Advancing Reproductive and Sexual Rights
  4. West Africa's Ultimatum to Niger Coup Leaders Nears Deadline
  5. West Africa Threatens Force on Niger Coup Leaders, French Embassy Attacked
  6. The 2023 Nigerien Coup D'état
  7. Mohamed Bazoum: Niger's Ousted President Warns of 'Devastating' Coup Impact, Growing Russian Influence
  8. Niger Coup: Simple Guide to What's Happening
  9. Niger Revokes Military Accord With US, Junta Spokesperson Says
  10. Niger Orders American Troops to Leave Its Territory
  11. Niger Ends Military Agreement with US, Calls It ‘Profoundly Unfair’
  12. Pentagon Orders Withdrawal of all 1,000 US Troops from Niger
  13. As US Pulls Troops from Niger and Chad, What Happens to Counterterrorism?
  14. US Withdraws Troops from Base in Chad Following Government Demand
  15. U.S. Says Chad Rebels Heading Towards Capital from North
  16. Chad Asks US to Cease Operations at Strategic Army Base
  17. Chad Crisis: Army Refuses to Negotiate With Rebel 'Outlaws'
  18. Sudan Crisis
  19. Sudan's Political Turmoil
  20. Sudan Coup: A Really Simple Guide
  21. Sudan Military Coup
  22. Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan
  23. Corruption in African Politics
  24. Putting Sudan’s Political Transition Back on Track
  25. Demystifying the' Root Causes of Conflict in Old "Greater" Sudan: Ethnicity and Tribalism?
  26. Russia’s Wagner Group in Africa
  27. China’s Presence in Africa Is at Heart Political
  28. China in Africa: The Role of Trade, Investments, and Loans Amidst Shifting Geopolitical Ambitions
  29. China Taking Over Africa: 'China's Second Continent'
  30. China in Africa
  31. Africa’s Relationship with China: Where are We Now?
  32. Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa
  33. Peacebuilding, Power, and Politics in Africa; Introduction: The Contested Politics of Peacebuilding in Africa
  34. Africa’s ‘Leaders for Life’
  35. African Dictators Have Been Losing Power—Some to ...
  36. The African Dictators
  37. Dictatorships in Africa.
  38. End of the Line for Africa's Dictators?
  39. The Main Problems Affecting African Politics
  40. Africa: Aid and Corruption
  41. Corruption in Africa: 75 Million People Pay Bribes …
  42. Corruption in Africa: Overview, Causes, Effects, and Solutions
  43. Corruption in Africa – The Crisis of Our Time?
  44. The Rise of Africa’s ‘Old Men’ and How to Stop It
  45. CPI 2021 for Sub-Saharan Africa: Amid Democratic Turbulence, Deep-Seated Corruption Exacerbates Threats to Freedoms
  46. Understanding the Nature and Origins of Violent Conflict in Africa
  47. Resource Based Conflicts and Political Instability in Africa: Major Trends, Challenges and Prospects
  48. Conflict Resolution and Peace Building in Africa as a Process ...
  49. The Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs - Introduction
  50. Political Fragility in Africa: Are Military Coups d’Etat a Never-Ending Phenomenon?.
  51. Combating Coups D’état in Africa, 1950–2014.
  52. Explaining African Military Coups d'Etat, 1960-1982.
  53. Debunking the Myth of the “Good” Coup d’État in Africa.
  54. Political Instability in Africa.
  55. Democracy in Africa | Harvard.
  56. Democracy in Africa | Afrobarometer.
  57. Democratization in Africa | FAS
  58. Democracy in Africa | Cambridge University.
  59. The Challenges of Democracy and Democratisation in Africa and Middle East.
  60. The Challenge of Democracy in Africa.
  61. Is Democracy a Failed Project in Africa?.
  62. Dilemmas of Democracy and State Power in Africa.
  63. Is Liberal Democracy Failing in Africa or Is Africa Failing under Liberal Democracy?.
  64. The Movement Toward Democracy in Africa.
  65. The Democratic Challenge in Africa.
  66. Demand for Democracy Is Rising in Africa, But Most Political ....
  67. South Africa: Democracy, Poverty and Inclusive Growth.
  68. Is Africa Going Backwards on Democracy?.
  69. The African Military in a Democratic Age.
  70. List of Conflicts in Africa.
  71. The Political Economy of Development in Africa
  72. Africa’s ‘Civil Wars’ Are Regional Nightmares.
  73. Threats to Democracy in Africa: The Rise of the Constitutional Coup.
  74. On the Economic Motivation for Conflict in Africa.
  75. The Causes of Conflict in Africa.
  76. Transitions to Democracy in Africa.
  77. A Redefining Moment for Africa.
  78. Democracy and Dictatorship in Uganda: A Politics of Dispensation?.
  79. The Rise of Africa's 'Old Men' and How to Stop It.
  80. Bad Governance and Corruption in Africa.
  81. The First World War and Its Consequences in Africa.
  82. The State of Poverty in 10 Dictatorship Countries
  83. Is Democracy in Africa a 'Dictatorship of the Majority'?
  84. Are Poor Societies Stuck with Dictators?
  85. Poverty 'Stalls' Further Spread of Democracy
  86. The Politics of Poverty: Elites, Citizens and States
  87. Africa: The Last Frontier for Eradicating Extreme Poverty
  88. Poverty in Africa
  89. In Whose Interest? Political Integrity and Corruption in Africa
  90. South Africa: A Sophisticated Failing State
  91. South Africa’s Social and Political Challenges
  92. South Africa: Current Issues, Economy, and U.S. Relations
  93. Things Are Bad and Getting Worse for South Africa. Or Are They?
  94. A Critical Analysis of South Africa's System of Government: From a Disjunctive System to a Synergistic System of Government
  95. Theory, Change and Southern Africa’s Future
  96. Violent Conflicts and Civil Strife in West Africa: Causes, Challenges and Prospects
  97. Change in the Middle East and North Africa.
  98. The Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative: An Overview
  99. Democratic Backsliding in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  100. Morocco-U.S. Free Trade Agreement
  101. Politics of Morocco - The Government of Morocco
  102. Could Morocco See the Next Uprising, After Sudan and Algeria?
  103. Morocco: Current Issues
  104. World Report 2022: Morocco and Western Sahara | Human Rights Watch
  105. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf First Female President of Liberia
  106. Tanzania Swears in First Female President.
  107. Death of Tanzania's Magufuli Draws Sorrow but Ire from Some.
  108. Tanzania's Failure in Consolidating a Strong Democracy.
  109. Tanzania's Populist President John Magufuli Has Died at 61.
  110. Libya - Baby Steps.
  111. Origins of the Libyan Conflict and Options for Its Resolution
  112. Ethiopia: Deteriorating Human Rights Situation
  113. World Report 2023: Ethiopia | Human Rights Watch
  114. Briefing: Five Challenges Facing Ethiopia’s Abiy
  115. Major Problems Facing Ethiopia Today
  116. Ethiopia: Social and Political Issues
  117. Vicious Circle of Ethiopian Politics: Prospects and Challenges of Current Political Reform
  118. The Politics of Conflict in Northern Ethiopia, 2020-2021: A Study of War-Making, Media Bias and Policy Struggle
  119. Ethiopia News
  120. State Failure, Democracy and Development in Sierra Leone.
  121. Conflict in Ethiopia
  122. Ethiopian Air Force Strikes Hit Tigray Region
  123. Ethiopia: Middle Passage to the Middle East
  124. Human Rights Watch World Reports on Ethiopia: 2022 - 2023
  125. Facebook Accused of 'Fanning Ethnic Violence' in Ethiopian Civil War
  126. At Least 800 Ethiopians Killed After Defending 'Ark of the Covenant'
  127. Sudan's Military Takes Power in Coup, Arrests Prime Minister.
  128. Sudan Coup Has Official Detained, Internet Down.
  129. Hope and Fear as Somalia Marks 30 years of Civil War.
  130. The Impact of Democracy in Zimbabwe.
  131. Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe.
  132. Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe Removed as Ruling Party Chief.
  133. President Mugabe Shocks Zimbabwe By Not Resigning in Speech.
  134. Chaos in Zimbabwe After Mugabe Fails to Announce Expected Resignation.
  135. Zimbabwe Crisis: 'Moment of Hope' as Robert Mugabe's Iron Grip on Power Evaporates.
  136. Zimbabwe Ran out of U.S. Dollars. So, It Will Print Its Own.
  137. Zimbabwe: Breaking the Silence.
  138. Hundreds of South African Miners Were Charged with the Murder of their 34 Colleagues ...
  139. Fulfilling the Legacy of Nelson Mandela (1918-2013)
  140. African Politics: A Very Short Introduction.
  141. Introduction: Understanding African Politics: Bringing the State Back in
  142. 10 Most Corrupt African Dictators & Worst Leaders in Modern History.
▷ Africa: How, What, Who & Why
  1. How the International Community Can Help Restore Sudan’s Democracy
  2. How China's Taking over Africa, and Why the West Should Be Very Worried
  3. How US Nurtured Dictators to Africa’s Detriment
  4. How Africa’s Corrupt Leaders Stay in Power
  5. What Caused the Coup in Niger?
  6. What Is Happening to Democracy in Africa?
  7. What China Is Really Up to in Africa
  8. Why Is China Building Africa?
  9. What to Know About the Crisis in Sudan
  10. What Is Happening in Sudan, and How Does it Affect Global Politics?
  11. What Is Happening to Democracy in Africa?
  12. What Africans Really Think About China's Role in Africa
  13. Why Africa's Rebels Become Dictators
  14. Why Is Africa Poor
  15. Why Is Africa Poor? - Maddison Lecture
  16. Why Africa Is Poor
  17. Why Most African Countries Are Poor
  18. Why Can't Nigeria Protect Its Children from Boko Haram?.
  19. Why Is Africa So Poor While Europe and North America Are So Wealthy
  20. Why Is Africa So Poor? You Asked Google – Here’s the Answer
  21. Why Democracy Will Never Succeed in Africa
  22. Why Are Coups Making a Comeback in Africa?
  23. Why Are There So Many Civil Wars in Africa?
  24. Why African Countries Back China on Human Rights
  25. Why Coups in Africa Don’t Spell the End of Democracy
  26. Why Is There Fighting in Sudan?
  27. Why Niger's Coup Matters to the U.S.
Profiles of Countries & Territories
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Politics

Afghanistan
Australia
Argentina
Brazil
Myanmar
Canada
China
Cuba
Denmark
 		Egypt
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
 		Israel
Italy
Japan
Jordan
Mexico
Morocco
Nigeria
Norway
Pakistan
 		Philippines
Poland
Russia
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
United Kingdom
United States
South Africa
 		Vietnam
Thailand
Hong Kong
Brazil
Israel
Jordan
Venezuela
Malaysia
Saudi Arabia

The Nobel Peace Prize - Laureates

2022: Ales Bialiatski, Memorial & Center for Civil Liberties
2021: Maria Ressa & Dmitry Muratov
2020: World Food Programme (WFP)
2019: Abiy Ahmed Ali
2018: Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad
2017: International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
2016: Juan Manuel Santos
2015: National Dialogue Quartet
2014: Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai
2013: Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
2012: European Union
2011: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman
2010: Liu Xiaobo
2009: Barack Obama
2008: Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari
2007: Albert Arnold Gore Jr.
2006: Muhammad Yunus
2005: Mohamed ElBaradei
2004: Wangari Maathai
2003: Shirin Ebadi
2002: Jimmy Carter
 		2001: Kofi Annan
2000: Kim Dae-jung
1999: Médecins Sans Frontières
1998: John Hume & David Trimble
1997: Jody Williams
1997: International Campaign to Ban Landmines
1996: Carlos F. X. Belo & José Ramos-Horta
1995: Joseph Rotblat
1995: Pugwash Conferences on Science ...
1994: Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres & Yitzhak Rabin
1993: Nelson Mandela & Frederik Willem de Klerk
1992: Rigoberta Menchú Tum
1991: Aung San Suu Kyi
1990: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
1989: Dalai Lama: Tenzin Gyatso
1988: United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
1987: Oscar Arias Sánchez
1986: Elie Wiesel
1985: Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
1984: Desmond Mpilo Tutu
1983: Lech Walesa
1979: Mother Teresa
1978: Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin
1977: Amnesty International

World


Documentary

Corruption
Afghanistan
Australia
Argentina
Brazil
Canada
Cambodia
China
Cuba
Denmark 		Egypt
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq 		Israel
Italy
Japan
Jordan
Myanmar
Mexico
Morocco
Nigeria
Norway
 		Pakistan
Philippines
Poland
Russia
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
 		Switzerland Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
Vietnam
More ...

Chiefs of State & Cabinet Members of Country
(Source: CIA - World Leaders)
  1. Afghanistan
  2. Albania
  3. Algeria
  4. Andorra
  5. Angola
  6. Antigua & Barbuda
  7. Argentina
  8. Armenia
  9. Aruba
  10. Australia
  11. Austria
  12. Azerbaijan
  13. Bahamas, The
  14. Bahrain
  15. Bangladesh
  16. Barbados
  17. Belarus
  18. Belgium
  19. Belize
  20. Benin
  21. Bermuda
  22. Bhutan
  23. Bolivia
  24. Bosnia & Herzegovina
  25. Botswana
  26. Brazil
  27. Brunei
  28. Bulgaria
  29. Burkina Faso
  30. Burma
  31. Burundi
  32. Cabo Verde
  33. Cambodia
  34. Cameroon
  35. Canada
  36. Central African Rep
  37. Chad
  38. Chile
  39. China
  40. Colombia
  41. Comoros
  42. Congo, DR
  43. Congo, Republic
  44. Cook Islands
  45. Costa Rica
  46. Cote d'Ivoire
  47. Croatia
  48. Cuba
  49. Cyprus
  50. Czechia
  51. Denmark
  52. Djibouti
  53. Dominica
  54. Dominican Republic
  55. Ecuador
  56. Egypt
  57. El Salvador
  58. Equatorial Guinea
  59. Eritrea
  60. Estonia
  61. Eswatini
  62. Ethiopia
  63. Fiji
  64. Finland
  65. France
  66. Gabon
  1. Gambia, The
  2. Georgia
  3. Germany
  4. Ghana
  5. Greece
  6. Grenada
  7. Guatemala
  8. Guinea
  9. Guinea-Bissau
  10. Guyana
  11. Haiti
  12. Holy See (Vatican City)
  13. Honduras
  14. Hungary
  15. Iceland
  16. India
  17. Indonesia
  18. Iran
  19. Iraq
  20. Ireland
  21. Israel
  22. Italy
  23. Jamaica
  24. Japan
  25. Jordan
  26. Kazakhstan
  27. Kenya
  28. Kiribati
  29. Korea, North
  30. Korea, South
  31. Kosovo
  32. Kuwait
  33. Kyrgyzstan
  34. Laos
  35. Latvia
  36. Lebanon
  37. Lesotho
  38. Liberia
  39. Libya
  40. Liechtenstein
  41. Lithuania
  42. Luxembourg
  43. Madagascar
  44. Malawi
  45. Malaysia
  46. Maldives
  47. Mali
  48. Malta
  49. Marshall Islands
  50. Mauritania
  51. Mauritius
  52. Mexico
  53. Micronesia
  54. Moldova
  55. Monaco
  56. Mongolia
  57. Montenegro
  58. Morocco
  59. Mozambique
  60. Namibia
  61. Nauru
  62. Nepal
  63. Netherlands
  64. New Zealand
  65. Nicaragua
  66. Niger
  1. Nigeria
  2. Niue
  3. Norway
  4. Oman
  5. Pakistan
  6. Palau
  7. Panama
  8. Papua New Guinea
  9. Paraguay
  10. Peru
  11. Philippines
  12. Poland
  13. Portugal
  14. Qatar
  15. Romania
  16. Russia
  17. Rwanda
  18. Saint Kitts & Nevis
  19. Saint Lucia
  20. Saint Vincent & the Grenadines
  21. Samoa
  22. San Marino
  23. Sao Tome & Principe
  24. Saudi Arabia
  25. Senegal
  26. Serbia
  27. Seychelles
  28. Sierra Leone
  29. Singapore
  30. Slovakia
  31. Slovenia
  32. Solomon Islands
  33. Somalia
  34. South Africa
  35. South Sudan
  36. Spain
  37. Sri Lanka
  38. Sudan
  39. Suriname
  40. Swaziland
  41. Sweden
  42. Switzerland
  43. Syria
  44. Taiwan
  45. Tajikistan
  46. Tanzania
  47. Thailand
  48. Timor-Leste
  49. Togo
  50. Tonga
  51. Trinidad & Tobago
  52. Tunisia
  53. Turkey
  54. Turkmenistan
  55. Tuvalu
  56. Uganda
  57. Ukraine
  58. United Arab Emirates
  59. United Kingdom
  60. Uruguay
  61. Uzbekistan
  62. Vanuatu
  63. Venezuela
  64. Vietnam
  65. Yemen
  66. Zambia
  67. Zimbabwe

Famous Speeches

Presidential Inaugural Addresses
Give Me Liberty
The Four Freedoms
Chance for Peace Speech
Declaration of War to Japan
The American Promise
What You Can Do for... Country?
Human Right & Foreign Policy
"Evil Empire"
 		Tear Down This Wall
Reagan's First Inaugural
U.S. Attack on Iraq, 1991
September 11, 2001
9/11 National Day of Prayer...
The Berlin Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Death of Martin Luther King
We Shall Overcome
 		I Have Sinned
The Great Society
Peace Without Conquest (Vietnam)
Vietnamization - War in Vietnam
Nixon's Resignation Speech
Space Shuttle Challenger
Reagan's Farewell Address
Clinton: Presidential Speeches
More...

Famous Opinions
  1. “Whatever your politics, in order to debate, argue, compromise and get things done for the American people, we have to be able to agree on a baseline of facts ... Facts aren’t partisan. They don’t have alternatives.” -- Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) talked about “alternative facts” of the inauguration crowd size.
  2. “This was the largest audience to ever witness an inauguration — period — both in person and around the globe.” -- Mr. Sean Spicer, the White House press secretary said of President Trump's inauguration crowd.
  3. "If (Wisconsin Governor) Scott Walker thinks that it's appropriate to compare working people speaking up for their rights to brutal terrorists, then he is even less qualified to be president than I thought. Maybe he should go back to punting," - DNC spokesman Mo Elleithee responded to Scott Walker who compared liberal protestors to terrorists.
  4. “To compare the hundreds of thousands of teachers, students, grandmothers, veterans, correctional officers, nurses and all the workers who came out to peacefully protest and stand together for their rights as Americans to ISIS terrorists is disgusting and unacceptable,” Wisconsin AFL-CIO President Phil Neuenfeldt responded to (Wisconsin Governor) Scott Walker who says he can take on ISIS because he took on Labor Unions
  5. "There is nothing more painful to me at this stage of my life than to walk down the street and hear footsteps and start thinking about robbery - then look around and see somebody white and feel relieved. "(The Rev. Jesse Jackson, speaking at the PUSH convention in 1993.)
  6. "When I get on the plane, I got to tell you, if I see people who are in Muslim garb and I think, you know, they are identifying themselves first and foremost as Muslims, I get worried. I get nervous." (Juan Williams, on Bill O'Reilly's show, Fox News, 10/16/2010 - National Public Radio (NPR) fired Juan Williams for expressing his feeling, and said that he should have kept his feeling about Muslims between himself and "his psychiatrist or his publicist".)
  7. Anybody can become angry--that is easy; but to be angry with the right person, and to the right degree, and at the right time, and for the right purpose, and in the right way--that is not within everybody's power and is not easy." (Aristotle)
  8. "I have no enemies, and no hatred. I firmly believe that China's political progress will never stop, and I'm full of optimistic expectations of freedom coming to China in the future. Because no force can block the human desire for freedom, China will eventually become a country of the rule of law, in which human rights are supreme." (Liu Xiaobo's "final statement", written two days before he was sentenced to 11 years last December (2009) for "inciting subversion". - He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize.)
  9. "And we need to recognize that the only way that America can lose the war on terror is if we defeat ourselves." (President George Bush's Speech at the U.S. Air Force Academy Graduation, 5/28/2008).
  10. "I tried to walk a line between acting lawfully and testifying falsely, but I now realize that I did not fully accomplish that goal." (Bill Clinton, 1998).
  11. "The only thing they (the English) have ever done for European agriculture is mad cow disease." (French President Jacques Chirac)
  12. "France is doing everything it can, but the problem is that it is impossible to stop Bush from pursuing his logic of war to the end." (French President Jacques Chirac).
  13. "Many African leaders refuse to send their troops on peace keeping missions abroad because they probably need their armies to intimidate their own populations. "(Kofi Annan)
  14. "There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountaintop of our desires." (Nelson Mandela)
  15. "History will absolve me" (Fidel Castro)
  16. "I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together." (Martin Luther King's Speech "I Have a Dream" - Address at March on Washington, August 28, 1963. Washington, DC.)
  17. "Politics is supposed to be the second oldest profession. I have come to realize that it bears a very close resemblance to the first." (Ronald Reagan, 1982).
  18. "Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it everywhere, diagnosing it incorrectly, and applying the wrong remedies." (Julius Henry/Groucho Marx).
  19. "Any man who is under 30, and is not a liberal, has not heart; and any man who is over 30, and is not a conservative, has no brains." (Winston Churchill)
  20. "The economic anarchy of capitalist society as it exists today is, in my opinion, the real source of evil. (Albert Einstein, 1949)

What Did People Think About Their Leaders?

1. Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe)
2. Omar Al-Bashir (Sudan)
3. Kim Jong-Il (North Korea)
4. Than Shwe (Burma/Myanmar)
5. King Abdullah (Saudi Arabia)
6. Hu Jintao (China)
7. Sayyid A. Khamenei & Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Iran)
8. Isayas Afewerki (Eritrea)
9. Gurbanguly Berdymuhammedov (Turkmenistan)
10. Muammar al-Gaddafi (Libya)
 		11. Islam Karimov (Uzbekistan)
12. Bashar al-Assad (Syria)
13. Raul Castro (Cuba)
14. Teodoro Obiang Nguema (Equ Guinea)
15. Aleksandr Lukashenko (Belarus)
16. Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia)
17. Idriss Deby (Chad)
18. King Mswati III (Swaziland)
19. Paul Biya (Camaroon)
20. Hosni Mubarak (Egypt)

What Did People Remember About Their Leaders?
  1. Abraham Lincoln - The 16th U.S. President successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union, ending slavery, and rededicating the nation to nationalism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy.
  2. Bill Clinton - The 42nd U.S. President is remembered for more than just his presidential skills. Clinton presided over the continuation of an economic expansion that would later become the longest period of peace-time economic expansion in American history. He left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U.S. president since World War II.
  3. Fidel Castro - Cuban leader and Communism supporter held power longer than any national leader other than Queen Elizabeth. His personal control over a Communist revolution made him perhaps the most important leader in Latin America since its 19th century wars of independence.
  4. Jacques Chirac - The second-longest serving President of France (1995 to 2007), is nicknamed 'Le Worm' by the British Sun newspaper and mocked remorselessly for his opinions and alleged corruptness. He is remembered as the president who successfully made well-known policies, including lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatization in France.
  5. Kofi Annan - A Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize for his founding the Global AIDS and Health Fund to support developing countries in their struggle to care for their people.
  6. Tony Blair - The United Kingdom Labour Party's longest-serving Prime Minister (5/1997 - 6/2007) will be remembered as the PM who strongly supported United States foreign policy, notably by participating in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and 2003 invasion of Iraq. Blair raised taxes, introduced significant constitutional reforms, promoted new rights for gay people, and signed treaties integrating Britain more closely with the EU.
  7. Margaret Thatcher - The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990. She is remembered as the PM with political philosophy and economic policies emphasized deregulation, particularly of the financial sector, flexible labor markets, and the selling off and closing down of state owned companies and withdrawing subsidy to others.
  8. Nelson Mandela - A famous global figure and African leader who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist and served 27 years in prison. He has received more than 250 awards over four decades, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize.

Women In Politics
Female Lawmakers (2010)
 (Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union)
Rank Country Lower or single House Upper House or Senate
Seats Women Percentage Seats Women Percentage
1 Rwanda 80 45 56.3% 26 9 34.6%
2 Sweden 349 162 46.4% --- --- ---
3 South Africa 400 178 44.5% 54 16 29.6%
4 Cuba 614 265 43.2% --- --- ---
5 Iceland 63 27 42.9% --- --- ---
6 Netherlands 150 63 42.0% 75 26 34.7%
7 Finland 200 80 40.0% --- --- ---
8 Norway 169 67 39.6% --- --- ---
9 Mozambique 250 98 39.2% --- --- ---
10 Angola 220 85 38.6% --- --- ---
11 Argentina 257 99 38.5% 71 25 35.2%
12 Belgium 150 57 38.0% 71 29 40.8%
12 Denmark 179 68 38.0% --- --- ---
14 Costa Rica 57 21 36.8% --- --- ---
15 Spain 350 128 36.6% 263 81 30.8%
16 Andorra 28 10 35.7% --- --- ---
17 New Zealand 122 41 33.6% --- --- ---
18 Nepal 594 197 33.2% --- --- ---
19 Germany 622 204 32.8% 69 15 21.7%
20 Macedonia 120 39 32.5% --- --- ---
21 Ecuador 124 40 32.3% --- --- ---
22 Belarus 110 35 31.8% 58 19 32.8%
23 Uganda 324 102 31.5% --- --- ---
24 Burundi 118 37 31.4% 49 16 32.7%
25 Tanzania 323 99 30.7% --- --- ---
26 Guyana 70 21 30.0% --- --- ---
27 Timor-Leste 65 19 29.2% --- --- ---
28 Switzerland 200 58 29.0% 46 10 21.7%
29 Austria 183 51 27.9% 61 18 29.5%
30 Mexico 500 138 27.6% 128 25 19.5%
30 Tunisia 214 59 27.6% 112 17 15.2%
32 Peru 120 33 27.5% --- --- ---
33 Portugal 230 63 27.4% --- --- ---
34 Afghanistan 249 68 27.3% 102 23 22.5%
34 Australia 150 41 27.3% 76 27 35.5%
36 Namibia 78 21 26.9% 26 7 26.9%
37 Trinidad and Tobago 41 11 26.8% 31 13 41.9%
38 Monaco 23 6 26.1% --- --- ---
39 Viet Nam 493 127 25.8% --- --- ---
40 Kyrgyzstan 90 23 25.6% --- --- ---
41 Iraq 275 70 25.5% --- --- ---
41 Suriname 51 13 25.5% --- --- ---
43 Laos 115 29 25.2% --- --- ---
44 Lesotho 120 29 24.2% 33 6 18.2%
45 Liechtenstein 25 6 24.0% --- --- ---
46 Moldova 101 24 23.8% --- --- ---
47 Croatia 153 36 23.5% --- --- ---
47 Seychelles 34 8 23.5% --- --- ---
49 Singapore 94 22 23.4% --- --- ---
50 Estonia 101 23 22.8% --- --- ---
51 Senegal 150 34 22.7% 100 40 40.0%
52 United Arab Emirates 40 9 22.5% --- --- ---
53 Bolivia 130 29 22.3% 36 15 41.7%
54 Pakistan 342 76 22.2% 100 17 17.0%
55 Canada 308 68 22.1% 93 32 34.4%
55 Mauritania 95 21 22.1% 56 8 14.3%
56 Eritrea 150 33 22.0% --- --- ---
56 Latvia 100 22 22.0% --- --- ---
56 Uzbekistan 150 33 22.0% 100 15 15.0%
59 Ethiopia 529 116 21.9% 112 21 18.8%
60 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 23 5 21.7% --- --- ---
61 Serbia 250 54 21.6% --- --- ---
62 China 2987 637 21.3% --- --- ---
62 Italy 630 134 21.3% 322 59 18.3%
63 Cambodia 123 26 21.1% 61 9 14.8%
64 Philippines 267 56 21.0% 23 4 17.4%
65 Bulgaria 240 50 20.8% --- --- ---
65 Malawi 192 40 20.8% --- --- ---
67 Nicaragua 92 19 20.7% --- --- ---
68 Luxembourg 60 12 20.0% --- --- ---
68 Poland 460 92 20.0% 100 8 8.0%
70 Dominican Republic 178 35 19.7% 32 1 3.1%
71 United Kingdom 646 126 19.5% 735 147 20.0%
72 Israel 120 23 19.2% --- --- ---
73 Lithuania 141 27 19.1% --- --- ---
74 Bosnia and Herzegovina 42 8 19.0% 15 2 13.3%
74 El Salvador 84 16 19.0% --- --- ---
76 France 577 109 18.9% 343 75 21.9%
76 Sudan 444 84 18.9% 50 3 6.0%
78 Bangladesh 345 64 18.6% --- --- ---
79 Cape Verde 72 13 18.1% --- --- ---
80 Honduras 128 23 18.0% --- --- ---
80 Indonesia 560 101 18.0% --- --- ---
80 Slovakia 150 27 18.0% --- --- ---
83 Kazakhstan 107 19 17.8% 47 2 4.3%
84 Tajikistan 63 11 17.5% 34 8 23.5%
84 Venezuela 166 29 17.5% --- --- ---
86 Greece 300 52 17.3% --- --- ---
87 Mauritius 70 12 17.1% --- --- ---
88 Turkmenistan 125 21 16.8% --- --- ---
88 United States of America 435 73 16.8% 98 15 15.3%
90 San Marino 60 10 16.7% --- --- ---
91 Albania 140 23 16.4% --- --- ---
92 North Korea 687 107 15.6% --- --- ---
93 Czech Republic 200 31 15.5% 81 14 17.3%
94 Burkina Faso 111 17 15.3% --- --- ---
95 Zimbabwe 214 32 15.0% 99 24 24.2%
96 Gabon 116 17 14.7% 102 18 17.6%
96 South Korea 299 44 14.7% --- --- ---
98 Slovenia 90 13 14.4% 40 1 2.5%
99 Dominica 28 4 14.3% --- --- ---
100 Chile 120 17 14.2% 38 5 13.2%
101 Uruguay 99 14 14.1% 30 4 13.3%
102 Russian Federation 450 63 14.0% 169 8 4.7%
102 Zambia 157 22 14.0% --- --- ---
104 Cameroon 180 25 13.9% --- --- ---
104 Ireland 165 23 13.9% 59 13 22.0%
105 Djibouti 65 9 13.8% --- --- ---
107 Swaziland 66 9 13.6% 30 12 40.0%
108 Grenada 15 2 13.3% 13 4 30.8%
108 Jamaica 60 8 13.3% 21 3 14.3%
108 Thailand 473 63 13.3% 150 24 16.0%
111 Sierra Leone 121 16 13.2% --- --- ---
112 Cyprus 56 7 12.5% --- --- ---
112 Liberia 64 8 12.5% 30 5 16.7%
112 Paraguay 80 10 12.5% 45 7 15.6%
115 Syria 250 31 12.4% --- --- ---
116 Bahamas 41 5 12.2% 15 5 33.3%
117 Guatemala 158 19 12.0% --- --- ---
118 Azerbaijan 123 14 11.4% --- --- ---
118 Romania 334 38 11.4% 137 8 5.8%
120 Japan 480 54 11.3% 242 42 17.4%
121 Hungary 386 43 11.1% --- --- ---
121 Montenegro 81 9 11.1% --- --- ---
121 Saint Lucia 18 2 11.1% 11 4 36.4%
121 Togo 81 9 11.1% --- --- ---
125 Benin 83 9 10.8% --- --- ---
125 India 545 59 10.8% 233 21 9.0%
127 Antigua and Barbuda 19 2 10.5% 17 5 29.4%
127 Morocco 325 34 10.5% 270 6 2.2%
129 Mali 147 15 10.2% --- --- ---
130 Barbados 30 3 10.0% 21 7 33.3%
130 Equatorial Guinea 100 10 10.0% --- --- ---
130 Guinea-Bissau 100 10 10.0% --- --- ---
133 Malaysia 222 22 9.9% 64 18 28.1%
134 Kenya 224 22 9.8% --- --- ---
135 Niger 113 11 9.7% --- --- ---
136 Central African Republic 104 10 9.6% --- --- ---
137 Armenia 131 12 9.2% --- --- ---
138 Turkey 549 50 9.1% --- --- ---
139 Cote d'Ivoire 203 18 8.9% --- --- ---
140 Brazil 513 45 8.8% 81 10 12.3%
141 Malta 69 6 8.7% --- --- ---
142 Bhutan 47 4 8.5% 25 6 24.0%
142 Panama 71 6 8.5% --- --- ---
144 Colombia 166 14 8.4% 102 12 11.8%
144 Congo (DR) 500 42 8.4% 108 5 4.6%
146 Ghana 230 19 8.3% --- --- ---
147 Samoa 49 4 8.2% --- --- ---
148 Ukraine 450 36 8.0% --- --- ---
149 Botswana 63 5 7.9% --- --- ---
150 Algeria 389 30 7.7% 136 7 5.1%
150 Kuwait 65 5 7.7% --- --- ---
150 Libya 468 36 7.7% --- --- ---
153 Gambia 53 4 7.5% --- --- ---
154 Congo 137 10 7.3% 70 9 12.9%
154 Sao Tome and Principe 55 4 7.3% --- --- ---
156 Nigeria 358 25 7.0% 109 9 8.3%
157 Somalia 539 37 6.9% --- --- ---
158 Maldives 77 5 6.5% --- --- ---
159 Jordan 110 7 6.4% 55 7 12.7%
160 Sri Lanka 225 13 5.8% --- --- ---
161 Chad 155 8 5.2% --- --- ---
162 Georgia 137 7 5.1% --- --- ---
163 Kiribati 46 2 4.3% --- --- ---
164 Haiti 98 4 4.1% 29 2 6.9%
165 Mongolia 76 3 3.9% --- --- ---
166 Vanuatu 52 2 3.8% --- --- ---
167 Lebanon 128 4 3.1% --- --- ---
167 Tonga 32 1 3.1% --- --- ---
169 Marshall Islands 33 1 3.0% --- --- ---
170 Iran 290 8 2.8% --- --- ---
171 Bahrain 40 1 2.5% 40 10 25.0%
172 Egypt 454 8 1.8% 264 18 6.8%
173 Papua New Guinea 109 1 0.9% --- --- ---
174 Yemen 301 1 0.3% 111 2 1.8%
175 Belize 32 0 0.0% 13 5 38.5%
175 Comoros 33 0 0.0% --- --- ---
175 Micronesia 14 0 0.0% --- --- ---
175 Nauru 18 0 0.0% --- --- ---
175 Oman 84 0 0.0% 72 14 19.4%
175 Palau 16 0 0.0% 13 2 15.4%
175 Qatar 35 0 0.0% --- --- ---
175 Saudi Arabia 150 0 0.0% --- --- ---
175 Solomon Islands 50 0 0.0% --- --- ---
175 Tuvalu 15 0 0.0% --- --- ---
175 Saint Kitts and Nevis 15 0 0.0% --- --- ---

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