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1	2012 - Nigeria ethnic clashes kill at least 50 people in Nigeria between the Ezza and Ezilo people over a land dispute. 2010 - Norway Magnus Carlsen is ranked as the world's Number One Ranked Chess Player. 2009 - Slovakia adopts Euro as its currency. 2008 - Cyprus and Malta adopt Euro as their currency. 2002 - Euro coins and notes went into circulation in twelve European nations. It becomes the official currency of Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Portugal. 2002 - The Indonesian province of Iran Jaya (West Papua) officially becomes Papua. 2000 - U.S. hands over the Panama Canal to Panama, ending nearly 100 years of American control over one of the world's most strategic waterways. 2000 - The Year 2000 (Y2K) 1999 - Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain began using a new single European currency, the Euro, for electronic financial and business transactions. 1994 - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed by Canada, the U.S. and Mexico goes into effect. 1993 - Czechoslovakia splits into two new countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia . 1984 - AT&T is forced to dispose of 22 Bell Systems companies or baby bells. 1984 - The Sultanate of Brunei gains independence from Great Britain. 1979 - China and the U.S. established diplomatic relations 1978 - Air India 747 with 213 aboard exploded, and plugged into sea minutes after takeoff in Bombay. 1975 - Former top aides to President Nixon, including former Attorney General John Mitchell, Domestic Affairs Advisor John Ehrlichman and Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, were found guilty of obstruction of justice During the Watergate scandal. 1971 - Cigarette ads are banned on TV. 1959 - NASA created. 1959 - Fidel Castro drove out Dictator Fulgencio Batista and seized power in Cuba. 1942 - Twenty six countries signed the Declaration of the United Nations,in Washington, D.C.; United Nations created. 1914 - The world's first airline, St. Petersburg Tampa Airboat Line, debuts operation in St. Petersburg, Florida. 1901 - The Commonwealth of Australia was founded as six former British colonies became six states 1877 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India. 1892 - Ellis Island in New York Harbor opened. 1863 – Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing enslaved people in rebelling states and redefining the Civil War’s purpose. 1801 - Ireland was added to Great Britain. 1776 - George Washington unveiled the first national flag in America, the Grand Union Flag. 1502 – Portuguese explorers reach Guanabara Bay and name it Rio de Janeiro, believing it to be a river mouth.
2	2024 – South Korean opposition leader Lee Jae‑myung survives an assassination attempt in Busan, a major political shock. 2011 - Russia oil pipeline opens between Russia and China. 2000 - The first Chrysler Plymouth Neon car is made. 1994 - Chrysler's Neon hits the road. 1980 – U.S.–Soviet détente effectively ends, heightening Cold War tensions. 1972 – NASA’s Mariner 9 begins mapping the surface of Mars, the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. 1974 - New 55mph speed limit law on all national highways is in effect. 1959 - The first spacecraft flied by the Moon and orbited the Sun, Mechta (Luna I) was launched by the USSR. 1942 - Japanese captured Manila (the Philippines capital), and the nearby air base at Cavite during thw World War 2. 1905 - The Russians surrendered to the Japanese after the Battle of Port Arthur during the Russian-Japanese War; the Russo-Japanese war ended. 1839 - Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre took the first picture of the Moon, though the image is later lost in a studio fire. 1788 - Georgia state joins the U.S.
3	2009 - U.S. Chrysler receives a $4bn emergency loan from the Federal government to stop the company being forced into bankruptcy. 1993 - U.S. President George Bush and Russian Boris Yeltsin, sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Start II in Moscow, eliminating about two-thirds of each country's long range nuclear weapons. 1990 - Manuel Noriega, the deposed leader of Panama, surrendered to American authorities on charges of drug trafficking 1987 – Aretha Franklin becomes the first woman inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, a milestone in music history. 1977 - Apple Computer is incorporated. 1967 - Jack Ruby, the man who shot John Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, died. 1965 - Large Vietnamese antigovernment demonstrators clash with military/police forces in Saigon concerning American influence in South Vietnam was increasing. 1961 - The U.S. severs diplomatic relations with Cuba. 1959 - Alaska becomes the 49th state of the U.S. with a land mass almost 25% of the size of the lower 48 states together 1947 - Congressional proceedings are televised for the first time. 1942 – The five Sullivan brothers enlist together in the U.S. Navy. 1938 - March of Dimes is found by Franklin Roosevelt. 1870 – Construction begins on the Brooklyn Bridge, the first steel‑wire suspension bridge and a landmark of American engineering. 1833 - Britain seized control of the Falkland Islands. 1777 - General George Washington defeated the British at Princeton and drove them back toward New Brunswick during the American Revolution
4	2012 - Men are banned from selling female underwear in Saudi Arabia. 2010 - The world's tallest building, Burj Khalifa, 2716 ft high with 160 floors, is open in Dubai. 2010 - Iran signs a law that bans its citizens to contact over sixty influential Western organizations, including BBC and Voice of America. 2007 - Nancy Pelosi is elected as the first female Speaker of the United States Congress. 1999 - The U.S. Mint started to distribute the 50 State Quarters. 1995 - Republican controls 104th Congress after 40 years. 1965 – Lyndon B. Johnson delivers the first prime‑time televised State of the Union address, transforming the speech into a major national media event. 1965 - T.S. Eliot, a famous poet who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1948, dies. 1962 – New York City modernizes its subway with unmanned trains, though the system later returns to manual operation after a 1964 fire. 1951 - North Korean and Communist Chinese forces captured the city of Seoul. 1948 - Burma (Myanmar) gained its independence from Great Britain. 1809 - Louis Braille (1809-1852) blinded as a boy, later invented a reading system for the blind using punch marks in paper, was born in France. 1896 - Utah state joins the U.S. 1790 - President George Washington delivered the first State of the Union address. 1643 – Isaac Newton, one of history’s most influential scientists, was born. 1642 – English Civil War: King Charles I attempts to arrest five members of Parliament, escalating tensions that lead to his eventual trial and execution.
5	2011 - U.S. House of Representatives is taken over by Republicans. 2005 – Discovery of Eris, the largest known dwarf planet, which later prompts Pluto’s reclassification. 1998 - Sonny Bono, who used to sing with Cher, is killed in a skiing accident. 1976 - In Camobodia, the Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot, who later killed over 1 million people as he forced people out of the cities into the countryside to create an idyllic agrarian society, announced a new constitution which legalized the Communist government and renamed the country as Kampuchea. 1952 - Winston Churchill's first official visit in the U.S. 1945 - Japan Kamikaze Pilots/Suicide Bombers program is created. 1945 - Panama Independent State. 1940 - The first FM radio demonstration 1933 - Workers starts to build the Golden Gate Bridge across the San Francisco Bay. 1925 - Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first female governor of a state (Wyoming). 1924 - The first Chrysler's car is built. 1914 - Henry Ford introduces $5.00 per day wages for all his Ford workers. 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold leads British forces in burning Richmond, Virginia. 1757 – Assassination attempt on King Louis XV of France by Robert‑François Damiens, the last person executed in France by drawing and quartering. 1643 - First divorce given in the U.S. 1531 – Pope Clement VII forbids King Henry VIII to remarry, escalating the dispute that leads to England’s break with Rome.
6	2021 – A mob of supporters of Donald J. Trump breaches the U.S. Capitol in Washington DC in an attempt to overturn the 2020 presidential election results, leading to deaths, injuries, and historic political repercussions. 2006 - Western China is facing its worst winter with temperatures reaching -43C and over 2 ft of snow. 1990 - Poland disbaned the Communist Party and then reorganized it as the Social Democratic Party, an opposition party to Solidarity. 1980 - President Jimmy Carter authorizes $1.2bn in federal loans to save the failing Chrysler Corporation. 1973 - A (Mercedes-Benz) Mannerheim's 770K, erroneously alleged to have been the parade limousine of Adolf Hitler, was sold at auction for $153,000. 1971 - Army drops charges of My Lai cover-up. 1919 - Former president Theodore Roosevelt dies in Oyster Bay, N.Y. 1912 - New Mexico joins the U.S. 1838 - Samuel Morse gives the first public demonstration of the telegraph. 1412 - Joan of Arc (1412-1431), a national heroine of France, was born. 1099 – Henry V crowns King of Germany. 1066 - Harold II crowns king of England. 1017 – Cnut the Great crowns King of England, becomes ruler of England, later also ruling Denmark and Norway.
7	2021 - The U.S. Congress certified the 2020 presidential Electoral College results, officially confirming Joe Biden as the President-elect at 3:40 a.m. 2011 - In the Somalia Islamic-controlled town of Jowhar, men and women are banned from shaking hands with each other. 2002 - A big snowstorm drops about 12 in (30 cm) of snow on Jordan and Lebanon. 1999 - A trial for the impeachment of President Clinton, a accused of lying under oath and obstructing justice over his love affair with Monica Lewinsky is started. 1989 - Showa Tenno Hirohito dies after serving over 60 years as a Japanese emperor. 1979 - Vietnam seizes Phnom Penh, the Cambodian capital, toppling the brutal regime of Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge. 1972 – First confirmed black hole discovered: Scientists identify Cygnus X‑1 as a binary system containing a black hole. 1971 - GM's Saturn is built 1965 - Civilian government is restored in Saigon 1953 - Truman announces U.S. developed hydrogen bomb 1927 - Commercial telephone service begins between New York and London. 1800 - Preident Filmore is born in New York. 1789 – First U.S. presidential electors chosen, beginning the process that leads to George Washington’s presidency. 1782 - Bank of North America in Philadelphia is opened as the first U.S. commercial bank for business. 1714 - Henry Mill, a British inventor, received his first typewriter patent. 1610 – Galileo Galilei discovers Jupiter’s first three moons—Io, Europa, and Ganymede—revolutionizing astronomy. 1608 – A fire destroys Jamestown, Virginia, one of the earliest English settlements in North America. 1598 – Boris Godunov seizes the Russian throne after the death of Tsar Feodor I. 1325 – Afonso IV becomes King of Portugal, succeeding his father Denis.
8	2002 - President George W. Bush signs into law the No Child Left Behind Act. 1996 - A Russian-built Antonov-32 cargo plane crashed after takeoff from Kinshasa, Zaire, into the center of the city, killing over 350 people and injuring at least 470. 1994 – Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov begins his record‑setting 437‑day space mission aboard Mir. 1986 - Kodak barred from selling cameras. 1982 - The AT&T monopoly agrees divesting itself of 22 Bell System companies and splitting itself into seven "Baby Bells." 1976 - Chinese leader Zhou Enlai dies. 1975 - Ella Grasso became the state of Connecticut’s first female governor. 1973 - Luna 21 (Ye-8 series), an unmanned Soviet spacecraft, is sent to the Moon to deploy the second Soviet lunar rover (Lunokhod 2). 1963 - Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is exhibited at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. 1962 - Mona Lisa exhibited in Washington DC. 1959 - Charles de Gaulle, who led the Free French government in exile during Nazi occupation, become the first president of France's Fifth Republic. 1940 - Great Britain introduces Food Rationing using ration books. 1935 - Elvis Presley, “The King of Rock N’ Roll”, is born. 1912 – The African National Congress (ANC) is founded, later becoming central to the anti‑apartheid movement in South Africa. 1889 – Herman Hollerith patents his punched‑card tabulating machine, a foundational step toward modern computing. 1838 – Alfred Vail demonstrates an early telegraph code, a precursor to Morse code. 1835 – President Andrew Jackson pays off the entire U.S. national debt, the only time in American history this has occurred. 1798 - The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, prohibiting lawsuits against a U.S. state. 1790 – George Washington delivers the first State of the Union address, establishing a key U.S. political tradition. 1642 - Astronomer Galileo dies. 1610 – Simon Marius independently discovers Jupiter’s four largest moons, one day after Galileo’s observation. 1598 – Jews are expelled from Genoa, Italy. 1297 – Monaco gains independence, beginning the Grimaldi rule.
9	2012 - Malam Bacai Sanha, president of Guinea-Bissau, dies in Paris, France, after becoming gravely ill. 2012 - A painting of Picasso along with paintings of Mondrian and Guglielmo Caccia are stolen from Athens National Gallery. 2007 - Apple introduces its first Apple iPhone, which epitomizes the new generation of mobile phone devices. 1972 - The Queen Elizabeth/Seawise University Ship sink into a Hong Kong harbor despite two days worth of effort to put out a fire. 1968 - Surveyor 7, the last of America's unmanned lunar probes, landed on the Moon. 1958 - Toyota and Datsun make their first appearances in the U.S. at an imported motor car show in Los Angeles, California. 1929 – The Seeing Eye is incorporated, pioneering guide‑dog training for the blind. 1913 - President Richard Nixon (1913-1994) is born in Yorba Linda, California; he won re-election by a landslide in 1972, but resigned two years later amid impeachment proceedings resulting from the Watergate scandal, 1900 – Lazio Football Club is founded in Rome, originally as an athletics club. 1894 - First motion picture/movie given copyright. 1894 – First battery‑operated telephone switchboard goes into operation in Lexington, Massachusetts. 1861 - Mississippi becomes the 2nd state to secede from the Union. 1848 – First commercial bank established in San Francisco. 1811 – First all‑female golf tournament held in Musselburgh, Scotland. 1799 – British PM William Pitt introduces income tax to fund the Napoleonic Wars. 1793 – Jean‑Pierre Blanchard makes the first successful balloon flight in the United States. 1788 - Connecticut becomes the 5th state in the United States. 1349 – Basel Massacre: 700 Jews are burned to death amid Black Death‑era pogroms. 1317 – Philip V (“the Tall”) is crowned King of France, continuing the Capetian dynasty.
10	2010 - China becomes the world's largest exporter. 2008 - The Tata Group of India introduces the Nano it's ultra cheap, ultra small car, around $2,500. 2002 - The US military begins bringing al-Qaeda and Taliban prisoners to its Navy base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. 1984 - The U.S. and the Vatican reestablish diplomatic relations after a 117-year break. 1979 - Convertible "Bug" retires 1967 - Edward Brooke, the first African-American senator elected by popular vote in MA, took his seat. 1964 - The first Beatles album, "Introducing the Beatles", is released in the U.S. 1962 - Avalanche down Huascaran (Peru), extinct Andean volcano, killed more than 3,000 people. 1949 - RCA introduces the first vinyl record at 45 rpm. 1949 - Columbia releases the first vinyl record at 33.3 rpm. 1946 - The first General Assembly of the United Nations, comprising 51 nations, convenes at Westminster Central Hall in London, England. 1942 - Ford makes Jeeps 1928 – Soviet Union orders the exile of Leon Trotsky, a major turning point in Soviet political history. 1927 – Fritz Lang’s Metropolis premieres in Berlin, becoming one of the most influential films in cinema history. 1920 – League of Nations ratifies the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending World War I with Germany. 1912 - The airplane to take off and land on the deck of a ship, invented by Glenn Curtiss (1878-1932), made its first flight at Hammondsport, New York. 1911 – First photograph taken from an airplane, captured by Jimmie Erickson over San Diego. 1870 – John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil, which becomes one of the most powerful corporations in history. 1863 – The London Underground opens, becoming the world’s first underground railway system (Paddington to Farringdon Street). 1861 – Florida secedes from the United States, joining the Confederacy. 1776 – Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense, a pamphlet that accelerates American support for independence.
11	2011 - China tests its first stealth fighter jet, J-20. 2008 - Bank Of America announces its purchase of sub-prime mess Countrywide Financial Corp for $4.1 billion in stock. 2002 - The first 20 al-Qaeda prisoners arrive at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. 2002 - Ford Motor announces the manufacturing discontinuation of its Lincoln Continental, Ford Escort, Mercury Cougar, and Mercury Villager. 1989 - Ronald Reagan gives his farewell speech. 1973 - The first graduates from the Open University (OU), which was established in 1971 in Great Britain to allow mature students to obtain degrees while still working and studying at home, are awarded their degrees. 1964 – U.S. Surgeon General, Luther Terry, announces the definitive link between cigarette smoking and cancer, a landmark in public health. 1935 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly solo from Hawaii to California, a major aviation milestone. 1922 – Leonard Thompson becomes the first person successfully treated with insulin, revolutionizing diabetes care. 1913 – First sedan‑type car unveiled at the National Automobile Show in New York, manufactured by Hudson Motor Company. 1908 - Grand Canyon National Monument is created. 1902 – Popular Mechanics magazine is first published, becoming a major influence on American DIY and tech culture. 1878 – Fresh milk is delivered in glass bottles for the first time in New York City, a major step in food safety. 1867 – Benito Juárez returns to the Mexican presidency after the fall of Emperor Maximilian. 1861 – Alabama secedes from the United States, becoming the fourth state to join the Confederacy. 1805 – Michigan Territory is created, shaping early U.S. expansion. 1770 – First shipment of rhubarb sent from London to the American colonies, reflecting early transatlantic trade patterns. 1755 - The Birth of Alexander Hamilton, the United States' first Secretary of the Treasury. 1569 – England holds its first recorded state lottery, drawn at St. Paul’s Cathedral; prizes include £5,000, silver plate, and fine linens.
12	2012 - North Korea announced that the body of former leader Kim Jong-il would lie in state permanently next to his father Kim Il-sung at the Kumsusan Memorial Palace in Pyongyang. 2010 - A magnitude 7.0 earthquake near Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital, kills 316,000 people, causing catastrophic destruction and global humanitarian response. 1990 - Romania outlawed the Communist Party. 1959 – Berry Gordy launches Tamla Records, the label that soon merges into Motown and transforms American music. 1948 - The Supreme Court order all law school at the University of Oklahoma to immediately provide training to black students at the same level of education given to whites. 1932 - Hattie W. Caraway, a democrat from Arkansas, serves as the first female U.S. senator. 1919 - First meeting of Big Four Nations' leaders in Paris. 1915 - The U.S. House of Representatives reject a proposal to give women the right to vote. 1900 – First recorded bubonic plague death in Australia, marking a major public‑health event. 1879 - British-Zulu War begins. 1773 - The first public U.S. museum is established in Charleston, S.C. 1616 – The city of Belém (Brazil) is founded, becoming a major gateway to the Amazon. 1554 – Bayinnaung is crowned King of Burma, eventually building the largest empire in Southeast Asian history. 1528 – Gustav I is crowned King of Sweden, later known as the “father of the nation.”
13	2001 - A magnitude 7.6 earthquake in a south American city of San Salvador kills over 1,000 people. 1993 - American, British and French planes carry out a series of bombing raids over southern Iraq. 1990 - Douglas Wilder (D-Virginia) becomes the first elected African-American governor in the U.S. 1966 - The first African-American cabinet member is appointed 1942 - Henry Ford patents plastic car 1915 - Earthquake in Avezzano, Italy kills 32,610 people and leaves city totally destroyed. 1910 - First radio demonstration 1893 - The British Labor Party was found with James Keir Hardie (1856 – 1915) as its leader. 1815 – British troops capture Fort Peter in Georgia, the only War of 1812 battle fought in that state. 1808 - The Birth of Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln's Secretary of the Treasury. 1797 – Naval disaster off Brittany, where a French ship of the line runs aground after battle with British frigates, killing over 900. 1607 – The Bank of Genoa collapses following Spain’s declaration of national bankruptcy.
14	2024 – Queen Margrethe II of Denmark abdicates, ending a 52‑year reign; her son Frederik X becomes king. 2011 - Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali steps down as President of Tunisia amid growing unrest on the streets of the capital and other towns and cities after his 23-year-long authoritarian rule. He fled to Saudi Arabia. 1980 - Gold prices soar $800/ounce. 1966 - Franklin Roosevelt, the 1st President travels by airplane. 1953 - Tito formally becomes the first president of the Republic of Yugoslavia. 1943 - President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill met at Casablanca in Morocco to discuss strategy during World War II 1910 - The first constitution in the American colonies. 1641 – Dutch East India Company conquers Malacca, killing thousands and reshaping Southeast Asian trade. 1639 – The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut adopted, often considered one of the first written constitutions in Western tradition. 1601 – Church authorities in Rome burn Hebrew books, part of Counter‑Reformation censorship. 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed by Charles V and Francis I, forcing France to renounce claims to Burgundy, Italy, and Flanders. 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence, strengthening Anglo‑French alliances.
15	1992 - The European Community recognizes Croatia and Slovenia as the separate states, effectively ended the Yugoslav federation, founded in 1918. 1973 - President Nixon orders halt to offensive operations in North Vietnam. 1970 - Qaddafi serves as Premier of Libya. 1967 - The first Super Bowl is played: Green Bay Packers 35, Kansas City Chiefs 10. 1943 - The construction of the world's largest office building, Pentagon, is completed. 1936 - Ford Foundation is established 1934 - A magnitude 8.0 quake kills around 11,000 people in Nepal (Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patan) and India (Bihar) 1929 - Martin Luther King (1929-1968) was born in Atlanta, Georgia 1909 - Hearse used for the first time. 1892 – The rules of basketball are published for the first time, marking the birth of the modern sport. 1870 – Thomas Nast publishes the cartoon that first uses the donkey as a symbol of the Democratic Party, shaping American political iconography. 1863 – The Boston Morning Journal becomes the first U.S. newspaper printed on wood‑pulp paper, a major innovation in publishing. 1844 – The University of Notre Dame receives its charter, establishing one of America’s most prominent universities. 1777 - The Republic of New Connecticut declares its independence from Britain & NY though it will not become a U.S. state until 1791. Six months later it was renamed Vermont. 1759 - The British Museum is opened. 1559 – Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey, beginning a transformative 45‑year reign. 1535 – Henry VIII formally declares himself Supreme Head of the Church of England, cementing the English Reformation.
16	2001 - Laurent Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is assassinated. 1992 - The twelve-year civil war, killing over 75,000 people in El Salvador, ended with the signing of a peace treaty in Mexico City. 1979 - Shad, who had ruled Iran since 1941 and had unsuccessfully attempted to westernize its culture, flees Iran amid mass demonstrations and the revolt of Islamic fundamentalists led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. 1978 – NASA announces its first class of female astronauts, including Sally Ride, Anna Fisher, Shannon Lucid, and others. 1945 - Adolf Hitler retires to his bunker hideaway. 1919 – Prohibition is ratified, as the 18th Amendment is approved by the states, banning the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol in the U.S. 1913 - Duryea introduces the first hardtop sedan in US. 1883 - The U.S. Civil Service Commission is established. 1547 - Ivan the Terrible is crowned the first czar of Russia. 1493 – Christopher Columbus departs the New World on his return voyage to Spain. 1492 – The first grammar of a modern European language (Spanish) is presented to Queen Isabella.
17	2002 - Colin Powell visits Kabul Afghanistan as the first US State Secretary since Henry Kissinger in 1976. 1995 - Earthquake occured in Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe of Japan; magnitude 7.1; 6,430 people are killed and 26,800 injured. 1994 - Earthquake measuring 6.6 in San Fernando Valley, California, killed 61 people and injured over 8,000. 1991 - Iraq war - Operations Desert Storm begins, launching the combat phase of the Gulf War. 1953 – The Chevrolet Corvette is unveiled, drawing massive crowds at the GM Motorama and becoming an American automotive icon. 1946 – The United Nations Security Council meets for the first time, beginning its role as the world’s primary peacekeeping body. 1945 - Soviets capture Warsaw 1893 - Americans overthrown Hawaiian monarchy 1899 - New car speed (43.69 mph) record is set 1806 - James Madison Randolph, the grandson of Thomas Jefferson, became the first child born in the White House. 1757 - German Diet declares war on Prussia. 1706 - Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston. 1595 - King Henry IV of France declares war on Spain - lasts till 1598.
18	2026 - Tail end of a high-speed train derails into path of a second high-speed train headed in opposite direction on adjacent track in Adamuz, near Córdoba, Spain; at least 42 people killed and over four dozen injured. 2021 - Brazil begins vaccinations for COVID-19 with the world's second-highest death toll at 209,000. 2009 - "We Are One" concert at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington prior to Barack Obama's inauguration attracts an estimated crowd of 400,000. 2002 - NW Airlinesrules requiring checking all luggages in US airports go to in effect. 1993 - All 50 states joined in the observance of the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday. 1950 - Soviet Union recognizes North Vietnam 1943 - The Nazi siege of Leningrad (Soviet) is broken. 1912 - Bentley Motor is established in London 1912 - British explorer Robert Scott reaches the South pole 1899 - New car speed (43.69 mph) record is set 1778 - British explorer James Cook discovers Hawaii 1733 - The first polar bear was exhibited in America, in Boston. 1258 - Mongol army of 150,000, led by Hulagu, grandson of Genghis Khan, arrives at the walls of Baghdad.
19	2026 - After two and a half weeks of protests in Iran, officials say there are at least 5,000 verified deaths and more than 24,000 arrests; the most serious and deadliest unrest Iran has faced since 1979. 2025 - Gaza war: Israel-Hamas ceasefire comes into effect in Gaza. 2024 - Japan lands a spacecraft, SLIM, on the Moon. 2017 - Adama Barrow sworn in as President of Gambia in Dahkar. 2006 - The New Horizons probe is launched by NASA on the first mission to Pluto. 2001 - President Clinton admitted he made false statements under oath about Monica Lewinsky. 1997 - Yasser Arafat returned to Hebron after 30 years, as Israel transfers control of the West Bank city to Palestinians. 1995 - Jean-Claude Juncker (28) sworn in as premier of Luxembourg. 1994 - -20°F (-29°C) (5:32 AM) coldest day ever recorded in Cleveland Ohio. 1993 - STS-54 (Endeavour) lands. 1991 - Eastern Airlines shuts down operations. 1986 - Spain recognizes Israel. 1983 – Apple Lisa introduced (noted in broader historical summaries), pioneering the graphical user interface. 1981 - US & Iran sign agreement to release 52 American hostages. 1977 - Snow falls first time in Miami, Florida. It also fell in the Bahamas. 1974 - China and South Vietnam clash over the Paracel Islands, resulting in a Chinese victory. 1966 - Indira Gandhi is elected prime minister of India in succession to Lal Shastri. 1950 - China recognizes North Vietnam. 1949 - Cuba recognises Israel. 1941 - British attack Italians in Africa. 1915 – First German Zeppelin bombing of England, killing more than 20 people in Great Yarmouth and King’s Lynn. 1915 – George Claude patents the neon discharge tube, paving the way for neon advertising signs. 1915 - The electric neon sign is patented in the U.S. by George Claude of Paris, France. 1883 – Thomas Edison’s first village electric lighting system using wires begins operation in Roselle, New Jersey. 1861 – Georgia secedes from the Union, a major step toward the American Civil War. 1793 – King Louis XVI found guilty of treason, sentenced to death during the French Revolution. 1785 – Richard Crosbie becomes the first Irishman to fly a hot air balloon in Ireland, a milestone in early aviation.
20	2025 - Donald Trump is inaugurated as the 47th US President. 2021 - Joe Biden is inaugurated as the 46th US President. 2017 - Donald Trump is inaugurated as the 45th US President. 2009 - Barack Hussein Obama II is sworn in as the 44th US President 2001 - George W. Bush inaugurated as 43rd US President. 2001 - President of the Philippines Joseph Estrada is ousted in the EDSA II Revolution and succeeded by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. 1996 - Arafat is elected as leader of Palestine 1986 - Martin Luther King, Jr., day is celebrated as a federal holiday for the first time. 1985 - Cold front strikes US, at least 40 die (-27°F (-33°C) in Chicago). 1981 - Ronald Reagan becomes the oldest president to take office (69 years + 349 days) 1981 - 52 American hostages seized from the American Embassy in Tehran were released after 444 days in captivity. 1980 - US President Jimmy Carter announces a US boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. 1973 - Richard Nixon's second inauguration as the U.S. President; Flags are flown at half-staff in mourning for former President Harry Truman. 1972 - Number of people out of work and claiming unemployment benefit in UK rises to over 1 million. 1971 - The Jaguar XJ13 prototype was displayed in England 1969 - Richard Nixon takes office. 1964 - The Beatles released their first album "Meet the Beatles" in the U.S. 1961 – John F. Kennedy delivers his inaugural address, including the iconic line: “Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.” 1954 - -70°F measured at Rogers Pass, Montana (record low temperature in the contiguous US). 1953 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers 1st live US coast-to-coast inauguration address. 1949 - First inaugural parade televised for Harry Truman, watched by 10 million people. 1946 - The first Kaiser-Frazer cars are introduced in NY 1945 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had served as the U.S. president since 1933, is inaugurated to his 4th term to an unprecedented fourth term. 1937 - Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in as president. 1937 - -45°F (-43°C), Boca, California (state record). 1921 - Republic of Turkey is declared from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. 1841 - China cedes Hong Kong Island to Britain during the First Opium War. 1840 - Dutch King William II is crowned. 1320 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes King of Poland.
21	2026 - Taylor Swift (36) is named as youngest inductee to the Songwriters Hall of Fame. 2020 - The world's oldest asteroid impact at 2.2 billion years old found in Yarrabubba, Australia. 2017 - Over Two million people protest worldwide with 500,000 marching in Washington, D.C. in the 'Women's March' against Donald Trump. 2003 - The U.S. Census Bureau reported that Hispanics had surpassed Blacks as the largest minority group. 1988 - US accepts immigration of 30,000 US-Vietnamese children. 1985 - -19°F (-28°C), Caesar's Head, South Carolina (state record). 1985 - -34°F (-37°C), Mt Mitchell, North Carolina (state record). 1979 - Neptune becomes outermost planet (Pluto moves closer). 1977 - US President Jimmy Carter pardons almost all Vietnam War draft evaders. 1976 – Concorde begins its first scheduled supersonic flights, departing simultaneously from Paris and London. 1968 - US B-52 bomber with nuclear bomb on board crashes in Greenland. 1962 - Snow falls in San Francisco. 1954 - The world's 1st gas-turbine powered car (FXP-21) 1954 - The USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear powered submarine, is launched at Groton, Connecticut. 1954 - 1st gas turbine automobile exhibited (NYC). 1952 - Jawaharlal Nehru's Indian National Congress wins India's first general election. 1944 - 447 German bombers attack London. 1924 - Vladimir Lenin, the first Soviet leader, dies of a brain hemorrhage in Moscow. 1913 - Aristide Briand forms French government for the second time. 1899 - (GM) Opel manufactures its first automobile. 1853 – Envelope‑folding machine patented by Russell L. Hawes, advancing mail automation. 1812 – Construction of the Y‑bridge in Zanesville, Ohio approved, later becoming an engineering landmark. 1793 - King Louis XVI executed 1789 - The first American novel, William Hill Brown's "The Power of Sympathy," is published by Isaiah Thomas.
22	2024 - World's first mass vaccine program against Malaria begins in Yaoundé, Cameroon. 2023 - China's Mohe city records record low temperature of -53C (-63F). 2014 - Water vapour is detected on the dwarf planet Ceres. 2006 - Evo Morales is inaugurated as President of Bolivia, becoming the country's first indigenous president. 2002 - Kmart files for bankruptcy protection. 1998 - STS 89 (Endeavour 12) launches into orbit. 1997 - Space shuttle Atlantis successfully returns to Earth. 1997 - The U.S. Senate confirmed Madeleine Albright as the first female secretary of state. 1992 - Space Shuttle STS-42 (Discovery 15) launches into space. 1985 - -30°F (-34°C), Mountain Lake Bio Station, Virginia (state record). 1975 - Earth Resources Technology Satellite Landsat 2 is launched. 1973 - The US Supreme Court legalizes some abortions in Roe v. Wade. 1973 - US, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and Vietcong sign boundary accord. 1973 - Lyndon Baines Johnson dies in Texas at the age 64 1973 - 171 Nigerian Moslems returning from Mecca and 5 crewmen died in crash in Kano, Nigeria. 1970 - First commercial Boeing 747 flight, Pan American World Airways flies from New York City to London in 6½ hours. 1965 - US launches TIROS 9 weather satellite. 1964 - Kenneth Kaunda becomes the first President of Northern Rhodesia (Zambia). 1964 - The World's largest cheese,15,723 kg, is produced in Wisconsin for the New York World's Fair. 1930 - -35°F (-37°C), Mount Carroll, Illinois (state record). 1922 - Queen Victoria died after reigning for 64 years, during which England became the most powerful empire in the world. 1918 - Ukraine proclaimed a free republic (German puppet). 1908 - Katie Mulcahey is arrested for lighting a cigarette on a New York City street, just one day after the Board of Aldermen passed the Sullivan Ordinance (January 21, 1908). 1905 - 500 protesting Russian workers are killed by the Czar Nicholas II's troops in "Bloody Sunday" in St. Petersburg, Russia. 1840 - British colonists reach New Zealand 1831 - Charles Darwin takes his Bachelors of Art examination at Christ's College, Cambridge, he ranked 10th out of 171 candidates.
23	2026 - Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi dissolves parliament in advance of a snap election scheduled for February 8. 2019 - US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi disinvites President Donald Trump from making a State of the Union address in Congress citing government shutdown. 2013 - US armed forces overturns 1994 ban on women serving in combat. 1989 - Salvador Dali (famous Spanish painter) dies in Spain at age 84. 1996 - The first version of the Java programming language released. 2003 - Final communication between Earth and NASA space probe Pioneer 10 then 7.6 billion miles (12.23 billion kilometers) from Earth. 1973 – President Richard Nixon announces the end of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, ahead of the Paris Peace Accords signing four days later. 1971 - -80°F (-62°C) in Prospect Creek Camp, Alaska (US record). 1970 - US launches second generation weather satellite, ITOS 1. 1968 - North Korea seizes U.S. ship Pueblo (the crew was released 11 months later) 1961 - Venezuela adopts constitution. 1932 - El Salvador army kills 4,000 protesting farmers. 1930 - George Washington Birthplace National Monument, Virginia established. 1909 – A Morse‑code distress call leads to the first radio‑assisted sea rescue, marking a major milestone in maritime safety. 1907 - Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) of Kansas became the first Native American to serve in the U.S Senate, and later served as the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. 1899 - Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the First Philippine Republic. 1855 - Opening of the first bridge across the Mississippi River in what is now Minneapolis, Minnesota; the structure is remembered today as the Father Louis Hennepin Bridge. 1849 - US Patent granted for an envelope-making machine to Jesse K. Park and Cornelius S. Watson. 1849 - Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman received M.D. (physician) in the U.S. 1789 - Georgetown, the first US Catholic college, is founded in Washington, DC. 1556 - The deadliest earthquake on record killed 830,000 in Shansi, China. 1368 – Zhu Yuanzhang becomes the Hongwu Emperor, founding the Ming Dynasty and beginning nearly three centuries of Ming rule in China.
24	2024- Russian military plane shot down by Ukrainian forces in Russia kills all 74 on board including 65 Ukrainian Prisoners of War. 2006 - Walt Disney International announces buying computer animation film studio Pixar for $7.4 billion. 2003 - The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, under Tom Ridge, became a cabinet department. 1993 - The first African-American to sit on the Supreme Court, Thurgood Marshall, dies. 1993 - Soyuz TM-16 launches. 1990 - Japanese MUSES-A (Hiten) launched towards moon. 1989 - First reported case of AIDS transmitted by heterosexual oral sex. 1986 - Voyager II space probe passes within 51,000 miles of Uranus. 1985 - 15th Space Shuttle (51-C) Mission-Discovery 3 is launched. 1972 - Japanese soldier Shoichi Yokoi is discovered in Guam; he spent 28 years hiding in the jungle thinking World War II was still going on. 1969 - Spanish dictator General Franco announces state of emergency. 1965 - Winston Churchill dies in London at age 90. 1950 - US patent is awarded to inventor Percy Spencer for the microwave oven. 1927 - First Alfred Hitchcock film opens. 1924 - Russian city of St Petersburg renamed Leningrad (changed back in 1991). 1922 - -54°F (-48°C), Danbury, Wisconsin (state record). 1908 - The Boy Scouts movement begins in England with the publication of the first installment of Robert Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys 1907 - G. Curtiss sets motorcycle-speed record: 136.3 mph. 1857 - University of Calcutta is founded as the first full-fledged university in South Asia. 1556 - Earthquake in Shaanxi (Shensi) province, China, killed more than 830,000 people.
25	2004 - NASA's Opportunity rover successfully landed on the Martian surface to begin its exploration mission. 2002 - India test-fires an intermediate-range nuclear-capable missile. 1995 - Near launching of Russian nukes 1994 - US space probe Clementine launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. 1993 - Puerto Rico adds English as its 2nd official language. 1993 - Sears announces it is closing its catalog sales department after 97 years. 1983 - Infrared telescope satellite launched into polar orbit. 1981 - Mao's widow Jiang Qing sentenced to death as one of the "Gang of Four" (later commuted to life in prison). 1980 - Jiang Qing, the widow of Chinese leader Mao Zedong, is sentenced to death for her "counter-revolutionary crimes" during the Cultural Revolution. 1971 - Cult leader Charles Manson and followers are convicted in Los Angeles, CA, of the brutal 1969 murders of actress Sharon Tate and six others.. 1969 - US-North Vietnamese peace talks begin in Paris. 1964 - Echo 2, US communications satellite launched. 1961 - President John F. Kennedy holds the first presidential news conference carried live on radio and television. 1959 - American Airlines flies the first scheduled coast-to-coast commercial jet flight from Los Angeles to New York for $301/ticket. 1955 - Columbia University scientists develop an atomic clock accurate to within one second in 300 years. 1949 - First Emmy awards. 1942 - Thailand declares war on the U.S. and England. 1939 - Earthquake in Chile razes 50,000 sq miles and kills around 28,000 people. 1924 - The first Winter Olympic games opened at Chamonix, France. 1918 - Russia declared a republic of Soviets. 1915 - The U.S. formally inaugurated transcontinental telephone service as Alexander Graham Bell in New York City places a ceremonial call to his former assistant Thomas Watson in San Francisco. 1890 - United Mine Workers of America is founded.
26	2006 - Western Union discontinues its telegram service. 2005 - Condoleezza Rice is sworn in as U.S. Secretary of State, the first African American woman to hold the post. 2004 - President Hamid Karzai signed the new constitution of Afghanistan. 2003 - American late-night talk show "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" debuts on ABC-TV. 2001 - A magnitude 7.9 earthquake rocked the Indian state of Gujarat, killing more than 20,000 people. 1998 - Intel launches 333 MHz Pentium II chip. 1993 - Vaclav Havel was elected president of the new Czech Republic. 1950 - Republican India born 1950 after 3 years gaining its independence from the United Kingdom. 1980 - Israel & Egypt establish diplomatic relations. 1945 - Soviets liberate Auschwitz 1918 - Ukraine declares its independence 1911 - Glenn Curtiss (1878 – 1930), flew the first seaplane from the water in the United States. 1905 – The Cullinan Diamond is discovered in South Africa, weighing over a pound and becoming the largest gem‑quality diamond ever found. 1838 - Tennessee passes nation's first prohibition law, making it a misdemeanor to sell alcoholic beverages in taverns and stores. 1837 - Michigan became the 26th state in the U.S. 1788 - The first European settlers landed in Sydney, Australia. 1500 - Spanish explorer Vicente Y. Pinzon discovers Brazil 1340 – Edward III of England proclaims himself King of France, intensifying the tensions that fueled the Hundred Years’ War.
27	2025 - Rwanda-backed rebels, led by the Tutsi group M23, seize Goma, the biggest city in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. 1996 - France performs nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll. 1985 - 15th Space Shuttle (51-C) Mission-Discovery 3 returns to Earth. 1982 - Mauno Koivisto installed as President of Finland. 1973 - US-Vietnam Paris Peace Accords is signed ending America's then longest war and it's military draft. 1968 - French submarine Minerve disappears in the Mediterranean with the loss of 52 crew. 1967 - The Apollo I fire kills astronauts Grissom, White, and Chaffee during a simulated launch at Cape Canaveral. 1951 - First US atomic detonates at the Nevada test site 1948 - First tape recorder sold. 1945 - The Russians liberates Auschwitz concentration camp, where the Nazis had killed over 1.5 million people, including over 1 million Jews. 1944 - Siege of Leningrad is lifted. 1943 - First American bombs drops in Germany. 1940 - -17°F (-27°C), CCC Camp F-16, Georgia (state record). 1926 - John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor, gives the first public demonstration of a true television system in London. 1926 - US Senate agrees to join World Court. 1926 - Physicist Erwin Schrödinger publishes his theory of wave mechanics known as the Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics. 1899 - Jenatzy captures car-speed record: 49.932 mph 1880 - Thomas Edison is granted a patent for his incandescent light. 1785 - 1st US state university chartered in Athens, Georgia.
28	2021 - Mexico's COVID-19 death toll becomes the world's third highest, overtaking India's at 155,145. 2011 - Hundreds of thousands of protesters fill the Egyptian's streets against the Hosni Mubarak's regime. 2002 - Verizon announces its first commercial 3G wireless service in the US. 1999 - The creation of Element 114 "ununquadium " is announced by scientists. 1998 - Michelangelo's drawing "Christ and the Woman of Samaria" sells for a record $7.4 million. 1991 - Dictator Siad Barre flees Somalia ending 22 year rule. 1986 - U.S. shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds after lift off, killing all seven crew members aboard. 1985 - "We Are the World" Recording: A supergroup of 45 music stars, known as USA for Africa, recorded the iconic charity single for Ethiopian famine relief. 1973 - Vietnam war's cease-fire goes into effect. 1964 - Soviets shoot down U.S. jet. 1963 - -34°F (-37°C), Cynthiana, Kentucky (state record). 1958 - The modern interlocking LEGO brick was patented, creating a design that remains compatible with bricks made today. 1956 - Elvis' first TV appearance. 1944 - WWII: 683 British RAF bombers attack Berlin, Germany. 1925 - -46°F (-43°C), Pittsburgh, New Hampshire (state record). 1915 - The U.S. Coast Guard was created by an act of the U.S. Congress. 1902 - The Carnegie Institution was established in Washington, DC, with a gift of $10 million from Andrew Carnegie. 1878 - First commercial telephone exchange opened in New Haven, Connecticut, marking a major leap in global communication. 1820 – First Recorded Sight of Antarctica: Explorer Fabian von Bellingshausen is believed to have been the first to sight the Antarctic continent. 1813 – Publication of Pride and Prejudice: Jane Austen’s iconic novel was released and later became one of the most celebrated works in English literature. 1724 - Russian Academy of Sciences is founded in St. Petersburg by Peter the Great. 1613 - Galileo Galilei observed Neptune through his telescope but mistook it for a fixed star. It was not recognized as a planet for another two centuries.
29	2002 - U.S. President George W. Bush labeled Iraq, Iran, and North Korea as an “axis of evil” during his State of the Union address. 2002 - Prime Minister Ilir Meta of Albania unexpectedly resigns his post. 1989 - Yugo files for bankruptcy. 1979 - Carter & Deng open new China-US relation. 1949 - Great Britain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland recognize Israel. 1944 - WWII: 285 German bombers attack London. 1929 - Seeing Eye Founded: The first school in the U.S. to train guide dogs for the blind, The Seeing Eye, was established in Nashville, Tennessee. 1924 - Ice cream cone rolling machine patented by Carl Taylor, Cleveland. 1901 - President McKenley is born in Ohio. 1896 - First Radiation Treatment for Cancer – American doctor Emile Grubbe became the first physician to use X-rays to treat breast cancer. 1892 - The Coca‑Cola Company was officially incorporated in Atlanta, Georgia, by Asa Griggs Candler. 1886 - Karl Benz receives a patent ("Motorwagen") for the first successful gasoline-driven car. 1861 - Kansas became the 34th state in the U.S. 1860 - Pope Pius IX formally established the Pontifical North American College (PNAC) (“the American College”) in Rome to train seminarians from the U.S. 1843 - William McKinley (1843-1901) the 25th U.S. President (who was elected in 1896 and re-elected in 1900), was born in Niles, Ohio. 1819 - Founding of Modern Singapore: Sir Stamford Raffles landed on the island of Singapore, establishing a British trading post that would become a global financial hub. 1761 - The birth of Albert Gallatin, who was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in January 1802 and remains the longest serving Secretary. 1258 - Mongols defeated by Đại Việt (modern Vietnam) at the Battle of Đông Bộ Đầu, near the Red River close to modern-day Hanoi.
30	1992 - Inventor Ray Kurzweil publishes his first book "The Age of Intelligent Machines" on artificial intelligence, predicting the popularity of the internet. 1989 - The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes. 1982 - "Elk Cloner", the first computer virus, created by 15-year-old Richard Skrenta, was released "into the wild" for Apple II systems via floppy disk. 1975 - Ernő Rubik applies for a patent for his "Magic Cube" invention, later to be known as a Rubik's cube. 1972 - British troops opened fire on civil rights marchers in Northern Ireland, sparking the "Bloody Sunday" massacre. 1968 - North Vietnamese forces launched attacks 36 provincial capitals and 5 major cities in South Vietnam, including an attack on the U.S. Embassy in Saigon and the presidential palace, beginning the Tet offensive. 1966 - -27°F (-33°C), New Market, Alabama and -19°F (-28°C), Corinth, Mississippi (state record) 1948 - Mahatma Gandhi, the spiritual and political leader of Indian independence, was assassinated in New Delhi by a Hindu extremist. 1945 - Sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff: In the deadliest maritime disaster in history, a Soviet submarine sank this German transport ship, killing approximately 9,400 people. 1933 - Adolf Hitler is named chancellor of Germany and went on to become the sole leader of Nazi Germany. 1882 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States, was born in Hyde Park, New York. 1862 - Launch of the USS Monitor, the first American ironclad warship was launched during the American Civil War. 1826 - Menai Suspension Bridge, the world's first modern suspension bridge opened, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to mainland Wales. 1820 - Edward Bransfield sighted Antarctica, the Trinity Peninsula, claiming one of the first discoveries of the Antarctic mainland. 1649 - King Charles I of England was beheaded for treason.
31	2020 - The United Kingdom formally withdrew from the European Union. 1990 - First McDonald's is opened in Soviet Union. 1971 - NASA Apollo 14 departs for the moon, famously carrying Alan Shepard. 1961 - Ham became the first chimp/hominid in space, successfully returning to Earth after a suborbital flight. 1958 - The first U.S. earth satellite, Explorer I, is launched. 1950 - President Harry S. Truman announces the hydrogen bomb (H-Bomb) development. 1943 - German troops surrendered at Stalingrad (90,000 taken prisoners forced to march to Siberia, with few ever returning to Germany), marking the first big defeat of Hitler's armies in World War 2. 1940 - The first social security check is issued to Ida Fuller for $22.54. 1939 - G. Burns sentenced for buying smuggled goods, 1905 - British driver Arthur Macdonald pilots the 1904 Napier "Samson" (L48) to a record-breaking speed of 104.651 mph (168.42 kph) at Daytona Beach, Florida. 1865 - The U.S. House of Representatives passed (121-24) the 13th Amendment, constitutionalizing the end of slavery in the US. 1863 - 1st black Civil War regiment, South Carolina Volunteers, mustered into the US Army. 1627 - Spanish government goes bankrupt.

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